Rekonseptualisasi Wilāyat al-Faqīh dalam Sistem Teokrasi Modern Iran: Kajian Kritis atas Legitimasi Ideologis, Stabilitas Politik, dan Tantangan Global Kontemporer

A. M. Nur Atma Amir; Abdul Rahim Yunus; Susmihara

Authors

A. M. Nur Atma Amir Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
Abdul Rahim Yunus Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
Susmihara Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Keywords:

Wilayat al-Faqih, Teokrasi, Republik Islam Iran, Modernitas

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji ketahanan dan fleksibilitas sistem Wilāyat al-Faqīh sebagai model pemerintahan teokratis dalam konteks Republik Islam Iran. Tujuannya adalah untuk memahami bagaimana sistem ini mempertahankan legitimasi ideologisnya di tengah tekanan globalisasi dan tuntutan modernitas. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan studi kepustakaan dengan analisis wacana kritis serta triangulasi data dari dokumen, wawancara, dan media digital. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan agama meningkatkan partisipasi politik, sementara sanksi ekonomi, embargo teknologi, dan transformasi sosial pascarevolusi menciptakan tantangan serius bagi legitimasi Wilāyat al-Faqīh. Sistem ini tetap mampu menjaga stabilitas politik melalui otoritas religius, namun menghadapi resistensi dari kelompok muda dan digital natives. Kesimpulan menyatakan bahwa Wilāyat al-Faqīh merupakan sistem ideologis yang adaptif namun memerlukan reformasi partisipatif untuk menjawab tuntutan kontemporer.

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