Representation of Middle Eastern Islamic Locality in Video Games
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24090/ibda.v19i1.4427Keywords:
video game, Islam, Muslim, Stuart Hall, Representation TheoryAbstract
This article analyzes the depiction of Middle Eastern Islamic locality in video games that has a bad image. This research uses qualitative research method and a literature study approach. It reveals the representation of the Arab world and Muslims in video games developing after the September 11 attacks. The representation had significant impacts on Muslims around the world. It can damage the positive image of Islam and Muslims in the world community. The representation of Muslims in video games, such as in Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 and Kuma/ War, uses stereotypes in Western societies. Muslims appear to be terrorists and live in a country that seems isolatedDownloads
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References
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Brookey, Robert Alan & Gunkel, David J. (Eds). 2014. Playing with Religion in Digital Games. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Chapman, Adam (Ed). 2016. Digital Games as History: How Video Games Represent the Past and Offer Access to Historical Practice. New York: Routledge.
El-Nawawy M. & Khamis, Sahar. 2009. Islam Dot Com Contemporary Islamic Discourses in Cyberspace. London: The Palgrave Macmillan.
Gilbert, Lisa. 2019. “Assassin’s Creed reminds us that history is human experienceâ€: Students’ senses of empathy while playing a narrative video game†dalam Theory & Research in Social Education edisi vol. 47 No. 1: Januari, 2019.
Hall, Stuart. 1997. Representation: Cultural Representation and Signifying Practices. London: Sage Publications dan The Open University.
Lee, Nicole. 2016. “Shooting the Arabs: How video games perpetuate Muslim stereotypes†from https://www.engadget.com/2016-03-24-shooting-the-arabs-how-video-games-perpetuate-muslim-stereotype.html Retrieved 16 Januari 2020.
Sudmann, Andreas & Stockmann, R (Eds). 2008. Computer Games as a Sociocultural Phenomenon. London: The Palgrave Macmillan.
Mitchell, W. J. T. 1984. “What Is an Image?†dalam New Literary History edisi Vol. 15 No. 03, Spring 1984.
Paprocki, Matt. 2018. “Six Days in Fallujah: A Bloody Iraq Battle and Video Game That Almost Was†from https://variety.com/2018/gaming/features/6-days-in-fallujah-1202829115/ Retrieved 18 Januari 2020.
Perron, Bernhard & Wolf, Mark J.P. (Eds). 2003. The Video Game Theory Reader. London/New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Ritman, Alex. 2012. “Call of Duty Removes Offensive Graphics†from https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/call-of-duty-removes-offensive-graphics-1.387379 Retrieved 16 Januari 2020.
Robinson, Nick. 2012. “Videogames, Persuasion and the War on Terror: Escaping or Embedding the Military–Entertainment Complex?†dalam Political Studies Association edisi Vol. 60 No. 3.
Ruggill, Judd Ethan, McAllister Ken S., Nichols, Randy & Kaufman Ryan. 2016. Inside the Video Game Industry. New York: Routledge.
Saber, Dima & Webber, Nick. 2017. “This is our Call of Duty: hegemony, history and resistant videogames in the Middle East†dalam Media, Culture, & Society edisi Vol. 39 No. 01.
Said, Edward. 1997. Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World. New York: Vintage Books.
Seib, Philip M. (Ed). 2007. New Media and the New Middle East. London: The Palgrave Macmillan.
Shaw, Adrienne. 2010. “What Is Video Game Culture? Cultural Studies and Game Studies†dalam Games and Culture edisi Vol. 05 No. 04, Mei-September 2010.
Šisler, Vit. 2008. “Digital Arabs: Representation in Video Games†dalam European Journal of Cultural Studies edisi Vol. 11 No. 02.
Storey, John. 2018. Cultural Theory and Popular Culture - An Introduction. New York: Routledge.
Takahashi, Dean. 2016. “How the West gets Muslims wrong in video games†from https://venturebeat.com/2016/03/28/how-the-west-fails-to-represent-muslims-correctly-in-video-games/ Retrieved 17 Januari 2020.
Witkowski, Wallace. 2021. “Video games are a bigger industry than movies and North American sports combined, thanks to the pandemic†from https://www.marketwatch.com/story/videogames-are-a-bigger-industry-than-sports-and-movies-combined-thanks-to-the-pandemic-11608654990 Retrieved 17 Januari 2020.
Wolf, Mark J.P. (Ed). 2012. Encyclopedia of Video Games: The Culture, Technology, and Art of Gaming. California: Greenwood.
Zackariasson, Peter & Wilson, Timothy L. (Ed.). 2012. The Video Game Industry Formation, Present State, and Future. New York: Routledge.
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Published
2021-02-21
How to Cite
Maheswara, A. M., & Fatwa, N. (2021). Representation of Middle Eastern Islamic Locality in Video Games. IBDA` : Jurnal Kajian Islam Dan Budaya, 19(1), 141–151. https://doi.org/10.24090/ibda.v19i1.4427
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