Transformasi Akad: Peran Platform E-Commerce dalam Menjembatani Perdebatan Shighat dan Mitigasi Gharar pada Jual Beli Kontemporer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24090/eluqud.v3i2.14698Keywords:
Bai' as-Salam, E-Commerce, Gharar, Shighat, Mu'athah, Pre-OrderAbstract
The digital revolution has fundamentally transformed commercial transactions, giving rise to practices such as pre-orders in e-commerce. This study examines how contemporary e-commerce platforms not only transform the classic Bai' as-Salam contract but also address the classical jurisprudence （fiqh debate regarding the validity of the contract form （shighat. Traditionally, schools of fiqh （such as Hanafi and Syafi'i） have differed on the validity of non-verbal contracts （mu'athah） due to potential uncertainty （gharar. This article argues that modern e-commerce platforms function as a "standardized digital shighat". Through features like detailed product descriptions, visualizations （photos/videos）, the 'checkout' button as ijab-qabul （offer and acceptance）, and review systems, these platforms create a form of mu'athah that is more certain and whose risks are mitigated. Using comparative legal analysis and literature review, this study analyzes how modern digital architecture manages gharar in pre-order practices. Findings indicate that digital platforms bridge the flexibility (e.g., the Hanafi school) with the demand for certainty (e.g., the Syafi'i school), thereby reinforcing the relevance of fiqh muamalah principles in the digital economy.References
Ajir, Deddi. “Fikih Perbandingan Tentang Syarat Dan Rukun Jual Beli Serta Relevansinya Dengan Jual Beli Modern.” RISALAH IQTISADIYAH: Journal of Sharia Economics 1, no. 1 (December 2022): 35–46. https://doi.org/10.59107/ri.v1i1.16.
Alifi, Awaliyah, and Wahyu Dwi Agung. “Sharia Fintech Growth in Industry Revolution 5.0 - Alami Sharia Study Case.” El-Arbah: Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis Dan Perbankan Syariah 7, no. 2 (September 2023): 2. https://doi.org/10.34005/elarbah.v7i2.2513.
Arl, Nafoura Maharani, and Baidhowi Baidhowi. “Legalitas Akad Hybrid Dalam Fintech Syariah: Studi Kasus Pembiayaan Murabahah-Ijarah Dan Tantangan Hukum Dalam Penyelesaiannya.” JURNAL AKADEMIK EKONOMI DAN MANAJEMEN 2, no. 2 (June 2025): 282–92. https://doi.org/10.61722/jaem.v2i2.4980.
Augestira, Helfida, and Merline Eva Lyanthi. “Keabsahan Perjanjian Jual Beli Melalui Penggunaan Rekening Bersama Pada Game Online.” Hukum Inovatif : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sosial Dan Humaniora 1, no. 3 (June 2024): 298–306. https://doi.org/10.62383/humif.v1i3.364.
Budiantoro, M. Agus, and Moh Yasir Fauzi. “Praktik Jual Beli Secara Mu’athah Menurut Pandangan Ulama.” Indonesian Journal of Sharia Economic Law (IJSELAW) 1, no. 1 (June 2024). https://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/IJSELAW/article/view/23036.
Fausi, Agus, and Nur Ahmad Muntaqim. “Telaah Keabsahan Jual Beli Mu‘Atah Di Kedai Thayyibah Ma’Had Aly Situbondo Perspektif Mazhab Syafi‘i.” Wasathiyyah 4, no. 2 (August 2022): 78–91. https://doi.org/10.58470/wasathiyyah.v4i2.34.
Fernanda, Ade Nidya, Muhammad Siddiq Armia, and Rispalman Risfalman. “The Implementation of Khiyar Syarat on Transaction of Shoes by Dropship System in The City of Banda Aceh (A Study Case of Dropshipper in Syiah Kuala Sub-District).” Dusturiyah: Jurnal Hukum Islam, Perundang-Undangan Dan Pranata Sosial 11, no. 2 (December 2021): 164–83. https://doi.org/10.22373/dusturiyah.v11i2.8617.
Hidayatullah, Syarif, Akhmad Mustangin, and Alfitra Firmansyah. “The Relevance of Istihsan to Contemporary Public Life: An Analysis of the Theory of Legal Change.” Al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies 8, no. 2 (April 2025): 390–408. https://doi.org/10.31943/afkarjournal.v8i2.2105.
Indrawati, Titis, and Iza Hanifuddin. “Eksistensi Akad Dalam Bingkai Transaksi Bisnis Modern :Transaksi Bai’mu’athah di Supermarket.” Invest Journal of Sharia & Economic Law 1, no. 2 (December 2021): 106–21. https://doi.org/10.21154/invest.v1i2.3482.
Jannah, Zahratul, Zilhayatul Husna, Meiroza Meiroza, Nurulk Assyfa, and Rudi Hartono I. “Akad Dalam Jual Beli : Akad Murabahah, Akad Salam, Akad Istishna.” Hidayah : Cendekia Pendidikan Islam Dan Hukum Syariah 2, no. 2 (June 2025): 227–42. https://doi.org/10.61132/hidayah.v2i2.977.
Khoir, Fatihul. “Al-Khiyar Dalam Proses Jual Beli Sistem Online.” Ekosiana Jurnal Ekonomi Syari Ah 9, no. 2 (September 2022): 127–38. https://doi.org/10.47077/ekosiana.v9i2.216.
Mahmudulhassan, and Muthoifin. “Digital Transactions Without Ijab Qabul in the 5.0 Era: Legal and Ethical Perspectives in Advancing the SDGs.” Maktabah Reviews on Sustainable Development Goals 1, no. 01 (April 2024): 13–28.
Maylinda, Rani, and Wirman Wirman. “Analisis Transaksi Akad Istishna’ dalam Praktek Jual Beli Online.” Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan 9, no. 6 (March 2023): 482–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7785395.
Mohd Noh, Mohd Shahid, Suffian Haqiem Nor Azelan, and Muhammad Izzul Syahmi Zulkepli. “A Review on Gharar Dimension in Modern Islamic Finance Transactions.” Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 16, no. 5 (March 2024): 976–89. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-01-2023-0006.
Mursid, Fadillah, and Luqman Nurhisam. “Kajian Hukum Islam tentang Rekening Bersama (RekBer) pada E-Commerce.” TAWAZUN : Journal of Sharia Economic Law 5, no. 1 (July 2022): 47. https://doi.org/10.21043/tawazun.v5i1.13997.
Musannif, Musannif, Luluk Latifah, and Amran Suadi. “‘Urf Tentang Jual Beli Mu’Athoh Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (Studi Kasus Di Mini Market Najma Mart Lombok Timur).” RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business 4, no. 3 (October 2025): 7577–85. https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i3.3138.
Nafsah, Zakiyah. “Jual Beli Dalam Ekonomi Islam (Aplikasi Jual Beli Dalam Fiqih Dan Perbankan Syariah).” Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 9, no. 2 (July 2023): 2071–79. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v9i2.8680.
Nurhasanah, Alfa, Rendi Rizky Trianda, Septi Juarnita, Taufik Rahman, and Rizqa Amelia. “Penggunaan Akad Salam Terhadap Layanan Pre Order Dalam Jual Beli Online Di Marketplace Shopee.” JUEB : Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis 2, no. 2 (June 2023): 108–14. https://doi.org/10.57218/jueb.v2i2.701.
Pahra, Januara. “Akad Salam Menurut Fatwa DSN MUI Nomor 05/DSNMUI/IV/2000.” Al-Hiwalah: Journal of Sharia Economic Law 1, no. 1 (June 2022): 85–100. https://doi.org/10.47766/alhiwalah.v1i1.888.
Rahayu, Sri Ulfa, Sahrudin Sahrudin, and Sandrina Malakiano Ritonga. “Analisis Jual Beli Dalam Perspektif Islam.” El-Mujtama: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (October 2023): 1171–79. https://doi.org/10.47467/elmujtama.v4i2.4841.
Robbi, Imam arsya Shofa, Achmad Nur Alfiyanto, and Yeny Fitriyani. “Implementasi Akad Bai’ Muathah Perspektif Imam An-Nawawi Dalam Kitab Fathul Wahhab.” Maro: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Dan Bisnis 7, no. 1 (May 2024): 55–63. https://doi.org/10.31949/maro.v7i1.9065.
Syarvina, Wahyu, Sudirman Suparmin, and Tuti Anggraini. “Aplikasi ’Urf Dalam Ekonomi Islam.” AT-TIJARAH: Jurnal Penelitian Keuangan Dan Perbankan Syariah 4, no. 1 (June 2022): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.52490/attijarah.v4i1.285.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Luqman Hakim, Jalaluddin Al Yamani, Tasya Salsabila
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
