Plagiarism Screening

It is fundamentally the author's responsibility to ensure that any submitted manuscript is free from plagiarism and other forms of academic misconduct. Nevertheless, the editorial team conducts an additional verification process prior to publication. This includes an initial plagiarism check using online databases powered by iThenticate or Turnitin, with a maximum similarity threshold set at 20 percent.

Plagiarism encompasses several forms, including the following:

1. Verbatim Plagiarism: This occurs when an author reproduces another person’s exact words without proper citation or acknowledgment of the original source.

2. Source-Based Plagiarism: In this type, an author adopts another individual's ideas or arguments without providing adequate attribution, such as omitting explicit references to the original source.

3. Self-Plagiarism: This includes instances where an author republishes the same article across multiple editorial platforms or reuses substantial portions of previously published work. To avoid self-plagiarism, any reused material must be significantly revised or recontextualized, resulting in a new contribution that offers fresh insights. The original content should constitute only a minor portion of the new work, ensuring that the paper presents novel value to readers.