Traces of Islamic Sovereignty in Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages

Authors

  • Johan Septian Putra UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
  • Nurcan Karali Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin-Turkiye

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24090/jihm.v1i2.6956

Keywords:

Islamic Sovereignty, Ottoman Turks, Golden Horde, Middle Ages

Abstract

Islam once gained sovereignty in the Eastern European region, which constituted the majority of Christians before Islam and after Islam entered there. In this contemporary era, Islam is not the majority place in Europe from the west to the east. The existence of Islam in the region in this modern era is inseparable from the historical contributions of the two axes of medieval Islamic dynasties, namely the Golden Horde Dynasty and the Ottoman Empire. The research objectives of this article are to describe the geographical location of Eastern Europe, explain the early arrivals, and analyze the two axes of Islamic sovereignty in medieval Eastern Europe. The research method of this study is a historical research method with library research and tracing information sources for this study through the internet. The flow or procedure of the historical research method includes four stages: heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results of this study explain that ideological political factors are the most core factors in determining countries to enter Eastern Europe and the two nations that contributed to the existence of Islamic sovereignty in Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages were the Mongols from 1235 to 1557 AD and the Turks from 1365 to 1574 AD through raids and conquests against Christian kingdoms in the region.

References

‘Itani, Hussam. 2019. Penaklukan Muslim di Mata Bangsa Taklukan. Edited by Muhammad Husnil. Translated by Indi Aunullah. Tangerang Selatan: Pustaka Alvabet.

Abdurahman, Dudung. 2011. Metodologi Penelitian Sejarah Islam. Yogyakarta: Ombak.

Ahmad, Dusuki. 1993. Ikhtisar Perkembangan Islam. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Alkatiri, Zeffery. 2016. Transisi Demokrasi di Eropa Timur: Baltik, Jerman Timur, Rumania, dan Balkan. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.

Al-Munyawi, Ramzi. 2012. Muhammad Al-Fatih Penakluk Konstatinopel. Edited by Muhammad Yasir. Translated by Muhammad Ihsan. Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Kautsar.

Andriani, Asna. 2015. "Mendialogkan Peradaban Timur-Islam dan Barat-Kristen." ’Anil Islam 8 (2): 250-267.

Arifian, Alfi. 2017. Sejarah Dunia Abad Pertengahan 500-1400 M: Dari Pemberontakan Odoacer hingga Runtuhnya Sintesis Thomisme. Bantul: Anak Hebat Indonesia.

Fauzan, Elda Harits, and Agus Mahfudin Setiawan. 2022. "Lahirnya Tiga Kerajaan Besar Islam pada Abad Pertengahan (1250-1800)." El Tarikh 3 (1): 57-76.

Gazalba, Sidi. 1981. Pengantar Ilmu Sejarah Sebagai Ilmu. Jakarta: Bhratara Karya Aksara.

MckAy, Hill, and Buckler. 1966. A History of World Societies. London: Penguin Books.

Mujahidin. 2019. "Hubungan Sosial Budaya Kristen dan Islam (Periode Pertengahan dan Modern)." Al-Ma’arif 1 (1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.35905/almaarief.v1i1.779

Nirwana, Ari. 2015. Sejarah Dinasti Golden Horde di Eropa Timur 1226-1502 M dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Dunia Islam. Skripsi, Program Studi Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam, Fakutlas Adab dan Humaniora, Surabaya: UIN Sunan Ampel, 1-76.

Pasha, Kemal. 2020. "The Balkan War and Its Implications for Islamic Socio-Political Life in Southeast Europe 1876-1914 AD." International Journal of Science and Society 2 (4): 121-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v2i4.198

Putra, Johan Septian. 2021. Brunei Darussalam dan Falsafah Melayu Islam Beraja (Sejarah, Konseptual dan Implementasi). Jakarta: Guepedia.

Putra, Johan Septian. 2022. "Kedigdayaan Turki Utsmani (Awal Berdiri hingga Sulaiman al-Qanuni)." In Sejarah Dunia Islam (Periode Klasik hingga Turki menjadi Republik), by Johan Septian Putra, 358-386. Jakarta: Istana Agency.

Rasyid, Soraya. 2013. Sejarah Islam Abad Modern. Yogyakarta: Ombak.

Ratnasari, Dwi. 2013. "Sulaiman al-Qanuni (Sultan Terbesar Kerajaan Turki Utsmani)." Thaqafiyyat (UIN Sunan Kalijaga) 14 (1).

Safitri, Enni. 2018. Kepemimpinan Sulaiman Al-Qanuni pada Masa Dinasti Turki Utsmani (1520-1566). Skripsi, Jurusan Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, Makassar: UIN Alaudddin.

Sahrasad, Herdi. 2018. "Muslim Albania Kisah Islam Marginal." Siasat 3 (4): 44-51. https://siasatjournal.com/index.php/siasat. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/siasat.v2i1.41

Sari, Restiana Mustika, and Yudi Setiadi. 2020. "The Golden Age of Islam (Antara Pemikiran dan Peradaban Abad Pertengahan)." Prosiding Konferensi Integrasi Interkoneksi Islam dan Sains. 25-30.

Supriyadi, Dedi. 2008. Sejarah Peradaban Islam. Bandung: Pustaka Setia.

Suryanegara, Ahmad Mansur. 2010. Api Sejarah Jilid 1 (Mahakarya Perjuangan Ulama dan Santri dalam Menegakkan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia). Jakarta: Salamadani.

Zulfikar, Ahmad. 2018. "Kepemimpinan dan Kontribusi Sulaeman Al-Qanuni (Tinjauan Sejarah)." Rihlah (UIN Alauddin) 6 (1).

Downloads

Published

05-12-2022

How to Cite

Johan Septian Putra, & Karali, N. (2022). Traces of Islamic Sovereignty in Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages. Journal of Islamic History and Manuscript, 1(2), 159–184. https://doi.org/10.24090/jihm.v1i2.6956