Kuasa Anak atas Perkawinan: Harmonisasi Perlindungan Anak dan Doktrin Fikih dalam Putusan Dispensasi Kawin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24090/yinyang.v16i2.4606Keywords:
Children's Rights, Ijbar Power, Child Marriage, Marriage DispensationAbstract
Child marriage is a global phenomenon that often neglects the protection of children's rights, but a few parents use the jurisprudence doctrine as a shield against their actions. The fiqh doctrine that gives absolute power (ijbar) to fathers and grandfathers over their children's marriages is often abused to marry off children even without their consent. The voice of a child is considered insignificant and his rejection of the actions of his parents is often seen as a form of iniquity. It is different from the two decisions of the Religious Courts, which the authors found, in which the decisions were more concerned with the child's opinion on the marriage that was planned for him by giving the child the rights of isti'dzan and isti'mar. Regarding this case, the authors conducted an analysis with the perspective of child protection and maqashid sharia. The results of the analysis show that in the perspective of child protection and maqashid sharia, children should be rewarded for their opinions. But this award is not enforced absolutely because the opinions of parents cannot be ignored, especially in cases where there is a very urgent reason. So that it is necessary to harmonize the protection of children's rights with the fiqh doctrine of guardian authority by considering the best interests of the child.Downloads
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References
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Badan Pusat Statistik dan Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. (2018). Profil Anak Indonesia 2018. Jakarta: Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak. Jakarta: Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional.
Field, E., & Ambrus, A. (2008). Early marriage, age of menarche, and female schooling attainment in Bangladesh. Journal of political Economy, 116(5), 881-930.
Gaffney-Rhys, R. (2011). International law as an instrument to combat child marriage. The international journal of human rights, 15(3), 359-373.
Gaffney-Rhys, R. (2012). A comparison of child marriage and polygamy from a human rights perspective: are the arguments equally cogent?. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 34(1), 49-61.
Gage, A. J. (2013). Association of child marriage with suicidal thoughts and attempts among adolescent girls in Ethiopia. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52(5), 654-656.
Hazm, I. (1947). al-Muhalla, juz IX. Mesir: Muniriyah.
Jaziri, Abdur Rahman. (1986). Al-Fiqh'ala al-Mazahib al-Arba'ah. Beirut: Darul Fikr.
Jensen, R., & Thornton, R. (2003). Early female marriage in the developing world. Gender & Development, 11(2), 9-19.
Peraturan Mahkamah Agung (PERMA) Nomor 5 Tahun 2019 tentang Pedoman Mengadili Permohonan Dispensasi Kawin. 21 November 2019. Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2019 Nomor 1489. Jakarta.
Syaukani, Muhammad bin Ali. (1427 H/2006 M). Nail al-Awthar min Asrar Muntaqa al-Akhbar. Arab Saudi: Dar Ibn al-Jauzi.
Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan. 2 Januari 1974. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1974 Nomor 1. Jakarta.
Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan. 15 Oktober 2019. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2019 Nomor 186. Jakarta.
Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak. 22 Oktober 2002. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2002 Nomor 109. Jakarta.
Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak. 17 Oktober 2014. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2014 Nomor 297. Jakarta.
UNICEF & UNFPA. 2017. Ending Child Marriage in Bangladesh. Diakses melalui https://asiapacific.unfpa.org/en/publications/ending-child-marriage-bangladesh, Tanggal 11 November 2020 Pukul 14.49 WIB.
UNICEF. (2020). Child marriage around the world: Infographic. Diakses melalui https://www.unicef.org/stories/child-marriage-around-world, Tanggal 11/11/2020 Pukul 14.10 WIB.
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Published
2021-11-25
How to Cite
Nasution, M. I., & Nasution, M. S. A. (2021). Kuasa Anak atas Perkawinan: Harmonisasi Perlindungan Anak dan Doktrin Fikih dalam Putusan Dispensasi Kawin. Yinyang: Jurnal Studi Islam Gender Dan Anak, 16(2), 253–268. https://doi.org/10.24090/yinyang.v16i2.4606
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