Islamic Work Ethics and Economic Development in Islamic Countries: Bridging Between Theory and Reality
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24090/icms.2018.1905Keywords:
islamic work ethics, economic development, islamic countriesAbstract
The issue work ethic and religion become popular when Max Weber developed a theory on Protestant Work Ethics (PWE) which seems later is able to reinforce the Western economy through its capitalism ideology. In his work, Weber claimed that only the Protestant Christian could accelerate and boost up the economy while none of the eastern religions including Islam would be able to do so. Although many scholars have refused the claim, the backwardness of many Islamic states, ethically and economically, has risen the question about the teaching of Islamic religion on work activities. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the concept of work ethics from an Islamic perspective. In specific, it intends to extract the concept, principle, dimension and values of Islamic Work Ethics (IWE) to be operationalized into daily practices. It revealed that many Quranic verses and Hadiths have directly and indirectly discussed the concept of work ethics in Islam. If properly operationalized, it can bridge the gap between the theory of IWE and the realities of economic development in Islamic states. Adherence to it will influence the economic development in Islamic countries that brings virtuous worldly life (al-falah fi al-dunya), as well as preparing for the success of afterlife (al-falah fi al-akhirah).Downloads
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References
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Yousef, Darwish A. (2000b). Organizational Commitment as a Mediator of the Relationship between Islamic Work Ethic and Attitudes toward Organizational Change. Human Relations, 53(4), 513-537.
Yusoff, Nik Mohamed Affandi bin Nik. (2002). Islam and Business (Ismail Noor Ed.). Selangor, Malaysia: Pelanduk Publications.
Yusuf, Muhammad Yasir. (2012). Tanggung Jawab Sosial Korporat pada Institusi Perbankan Islam di Aceh: Analisis Kriteria dan Persepsi. (Doctoral Thesis), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang.
Zainol, Nor Nazliyah Binti. (2009). Islamic Work Ethics, Organizational Culture and Organizational Commitment: A Study of Employees at Majlis Amanah Rakyat. (Master Thesis), Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah.
Ahmad, Shukri, & Owoyemi, Musa Yusuf. (2012). The Concept of Islamic Work Ethic: An Analysis of Some Salient Points in the Prophetic Tradition. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(20), 116-123.
al-Baihaqi, Abu Bakr Ahmad bin al-Husain. (2003). al-Jami'li Syu'abi al-Iman. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Maktaba al-Rusyd.
al-Maududi, Abu al-‘Ala. (1967). Islamic Way of Life. Karachi: Islamic Research Academy.
al-Sani, Salih Ibrahim. (2010, 07 August). Measuring the 'Religiosity' of Muslims. Retrieved from http://en.islamtoday.net/artshow-416-3704.htm
al-Sheha, Abdul-Rahman. (2012). Equality in Islam. http://investigate-islam.com/?p=1592#more-1592
Ali, Abbas. (1988). Scaling an Islamic Work Ethic. The Journal of Social Psychology, 128(5), 575-583.
Ali, Abbas J., & Al-Kazemi, Ali A. (2007). Islamic Work Ethic in Kuwait. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 14(2), 93-104.
Ali, Abbas J., & Al-Owaihan, Abdullah. (2008). Islamic Work Ethic: a Critical Review. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 15(1), 5-19.
Askari, Hossein, Iqbal, Zamir, Krichene, Noureddine, & Mirakhor, Abbas. (2014). Understanding Development in an Islamic Framework. Islamic Economic Studies, 22(1), 1-36. doi:10.12816/0004129
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Asutay, Mehmet. (2009). Divergence Between Aspirations and Realities of Islamic Economics: A Political Economy Approach to Bridging the Divide. IIUM Journal of Economics and Management, 17(1), 73-96.
at-TirmidhÄ«, AbÅ« ‘Īsá Muḥammad ibn ‛Īsá as-SulamÄ« aá¸-ḌarÄ«r al-BÅ«ghÄ«. (2007). JÄmi` at-TirmidhÄ« (Abu Khaliyl, Trans. Vol. 3). Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Maktaba Dar-us-Salam.
Beekun, Rafik Issa. (1997). Islamic Business Ethics. Herndon, Virginia: International Institute of Islamic Thought; Amana Pubns.
Chanzanagh, Hamid Ebadollahi, & Akbarnejad, Mahdi. (2011). The Meaning and Dimensions of Islamic Work Ethic: Initial Validation of a Multidimensional IWE in Iranian Society. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 30(n/a), 916 – 924.
Chapra, Muhammed Umer. (1992). Islam and the Economic Challenge. Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought.
Dewsnap, Don. (2007). Anyone Can Improve His Or Her Life: The Principles of Quality. Florida, USA: Booklocker.com Incorporated.
Dictionary.com. (2013). Effort. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/effort
Dusuki, Asyraf Wajdi, & Dar, Humayon. (2007). Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility of Islamic Banks: Evidence from Malaysian Economy. Paper presented at the International Conference on Islamic Economics and Finance, Jeddah.
FATF Public Statement 2018. Retrieved from http://www.fatf-gafi.org/publications/high-riskandnon-cooperativejurisdictions/documents/fatf-compliance-february-2018.html
Furnham, Adrian. (1984). The Protestant Work Ethic: A Review of the Psychological Literature. European Journal of Social Psychology, 14(1), 87-104.
Glock, C. Y. (1972). On the Study of Religious Commitment. In J. E. Faulkner (Ed.), Religion’s Influence in Contemporary Society, Readings in the Sociology of Religion (pp. 38-56). Ohio, USA: Charles E. Merril.
Hasan, Samiul (Ed.) (2015). Human Security and Philanthropy: Islamic Perspectives and Muslim Majority Country Practices. New York: Springer.
Husin, Wan Norhasniah Wan. (2012). Work Ethics from the Islamic Perspective in Malaysia. European Journal of Social Sciences, 29(1), 51-60.
Ibrahim, Azharsyah. (2015). The Influence of Islamic Work Ethics on Organizational Performance at the Islamic Banking Institutions in Aceh. (Ph.D. Thesis), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
IDB. (2017). Islamic Development Bank - Statistical Year Book - 2017. Retrieved from https://isdbdata.github.io/monograph2017.html
Kamri, Nor 'Azzah. (2010, 26-28 February). Implementation of Islamic Ethics in Organizations: Malaysian Experiences. Paper presented at the International Conferences on Humanities, Historical and Social Sciences (CHHSS), Singapore.
Khanifar, Hossein, Matin, Hassan Zarei, Jandaghi, Gholamreza, Gholipour, Aryan, & Hassanzadeh, Mohammad Sadegh. (2011). Identifying the Dimensions and Components of Islamic Work Values (IWV) for Public Services Sector of Iran. European Journal of Social Sciences, 22(2), 246-261.
Kheder, Mohammed Zaki. (2001, 5-7 November). Islamic Fundamentals in Software Engineering. Paper presented at the International Conference on Information Systems and Islam, Kuala Lumpur.
Lim, Cheryl, & Lay, Chua Sin. (2003). Confucianism and the Protestant Work Ethic. Asia Europe Journal, 1(3), 321-322. doi:10.1007/s10308-003-0038-8
Malanga, Steven. (2009). Whatever Happened to the Work Ethics? City Journal, 19(3). http://www.city-journal.org/2009/19_3_work-ethic.html
Merriam-Webster. (2013a). Competition. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/competition
Merriam-Webster. (2013b). Equality. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/equality
Merriam-Webster. (2013c). Quality. Retrieved from http://www.learnersdictionary.com/search/quality[1]
Mohamed, Norshidah, Karim, Nor Shahriza Abdul, & Hussein, Ramlah. (2010). Linking Islamic Work Ethic to Computer Use Ethics, Satisfactions, Organizational Commitment in Malaysia. Journal of Business Systems, Governance and Ethics, 5(1), 13-23.
Mohammed, Jawed Akhtar. (2007). Corporate Social Responsibility in Islam. (Doctoral Thesis), Auckland University of Technology.
Mohammed, Jawed Akhtar. (2013). The Ethical System in Islam – Implications for Business Practices. In Christoph Luetge (Ed.), Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics (pp. 873-882): Springer Netherlands.
Musa, Muhammad Adli. (2011). Islamic Business Ethics & Finance: An Exploratory Study of Islamic Banks in Malaysia. Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Islamic Economics, Doha, Qatar.
Naqvi, Syed Nawab Haider. (1981). Ethics and Economics: An Islamic Synthesis. Leicester, UK: Islamic Foundation.
Naqvi, Syed Nawab Haider. (1994). Islam, Economics and Society. London: Kegan Paul International Ltd.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. (1984). Islamic Work Ethic. Hamdard Islamicus, 7(4), 25-35.
Noble Quran. (1999). (Muhammad Muhsin Khan, Al-Hilali Khan, & Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din, Trans.). Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Dar-us-Salam Publications.
O'Sullivan, Arthur, & Sheffrin, Steven M. (2005). Economics: Principles in Action. New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall.
Rahman, Nik Mu'tasim Ab., Muhamad, Nordin, & Othman, Abdullah Sanusi. (2008). The Relationship Between Islamic Work Ethics and Organizational Commitment: A Case Analysis. Malaysian Management Review, 41(1), 79-89.
Razi, Mohammad. (2008). Pillars of Islam & Islamic Ethics: Relationship between Pillars of Islam & Development of Excellent Moral & Character. Paper. Toronto, Canada.
Rehman, Scheherazade S, & Askari, Hossein. (2010a). An Economic IslamicityIndex (EI 2). Global Economy Journal, 10(3), 1-37.
Rehman, Scheherazade S, & Askari, Hossein. (2010b). How Islamic are Islamic Countries? Global Economy Journal, 10(2), 1-37.
Rizk, Riham Ragab. (2008). Back to Basics: an Islamic Perspective on Business and Work Ethics. Social Responsibility Journal, 1(2), 246-254.
Sadeq, A.H.M. (1987). Economics Development in Islam. Journal of Islamic Economics, 1(1), 25-45.
Sarwar, Ghulam. (2013). Economic System of Islam. Islam: Beliefs and Teachings. Retrieved from http://www.angelfire.com/bc3/johnsonuk/eng/dawa/economic.html
Selat, Norazit. (2001). Adat Melayu: Kesinambungan dan Perubahan Adat Melayu Serumpun (pp. 91). Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya Press.
Sen, Amartya. (1983). Development: Which Way Now? The Economic Journal, 93(372), 745-762. doi:10.2307/2232744
Shaw, William H. (1999). Business Ethics (3rd ed.). California, USA: Wadsworth Publishing Co.
thefreedictionary.com. (2003). Benefit. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language. 4th. Retrieved from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/benefit
thefreedictionary.com. (2013a). Effort. Retrieved from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/effort
thefreedictionary.com. (2013b). Obligation. Retrieved from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/obligation
Townsend, P. (1979). Poverty in the UK: A survey of household resources and standard of living. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Transparency_International. (2018). Corruption Perception Index 2017. Berlin, Germany: Transparency International.
UNDP. (2016). Human Development Report 2016. New York: United Nations Development Programme.
Waemusor, Ahlam. (2010). The Relationship between Perceived Islamic Bank Corporate Social Responsibility Based Customer Service and Customer Satisfaction: The Role of Religiosity as a Moderator. Master's Thesis. Universiti Sains Malaysia. Penang, Malaysia.
Weber, Max. (1930). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Talcott Parsons, Trans.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
World_Bank. (2017). World Development Indicators Database. Washington D.C.: The World Bank.
Your_Dictionary. (2013). Collectivity. Retrieved from http://www.yourdictionary.com/collectivity
Yousef, Darwish A. (2000a). The Islamic Work Ethic As A Mediator of the Relationship between Locus of Control, Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity: A Study in an Islamic Country Setting. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15(4), 283-302. doi:10.1108/02683940010330966
Yousef, Darwish A. (2000b). Organizational Commitment as a Mediator of the Relationship between Islamic Work Ethic and Attitudes toward Organizational Change. Human Relations, 53(4), 513-537.
Yusoff, Nik Mohamed Affandi bin Nik. (2002). Islam and Business (Ismail Noor Ed.). Selangor, Malaysia: Pelanduk Publications.
Yusuf, Muhammad Yasir. (2012). Tanggung Jawab Sosial Korporat pada Institusi Perbankan Islam di Aceh: Analisis Kriteria dan Persepsi. (Doctoral Thesis), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang.
Zainol, Nor Nazliyah Binti. (2009). Islamic Work Ethics, Organizational Culture and Organizational Commitment: A Study of Employees at Majlis Amanah Rakyat. (Master Thesis), Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah.
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Published
2018-04-23
How to Cite
Ibrahim, A. (2018). Islamic Work Ethics and Economic Development in Islamic Countries: Bridging Between Theory and Reality. International Conference of Moslem Society, 2, 43–50. https://doi.org/10.24090/icms.2018.1905
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