Comparing The Principalship of Madrasah and Sekolah in The Decentralization Era
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24090/icms.2016.1823Keywords:
education leadership, decentralization, principal, madrasah, indonesiaAbstract
The downfall of the New Order Regime in 1998 brought about significant change to Indonesia’s public sector. Law number 22 of 1999, further refined by Law 32 of 2004, provide legal bases for district governments to administer the public sector. The central government also introduces the notion of good governance through the promulgation of various regulations. For Madrasah however, decentralization policy failed to provide clear legal bases as to how it relates to district government. Law 32 of 2004 verse 10 article 3 retains the centralized management by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. This however does not exclude Madrasah from public demand of implementing the principle of good governance. This study analyses the dynamics of principal-ship both in the Sekolah and the Madrasah in the era of decentralization. By comparing two research sites, this study sought to create better understanding about the context by which the organization climate of two different schools are shaped, and how principals and teachers perceives the notion of school leadership in the light of most recent policy development. To do this, interviews were undertaken and questionnaire-based data collection was also conducted. The study found that in the ground level implementation of decentralization policy, Sekolah developed more rigorous leadership compared to that in the Madrasah. This research recommends the adoption of stronger regulation regarding principal-ship of Madrasahs in order to create an environment that is more in tune with the spirit of public service reforms.Downloads
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References
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Abdullah, T & Majelis Ulama Indonesia. (1991). Sejarah ummat Islam Indonesia (The history of the Indonesian Muslim Society. Jakarta: Majelis Ulama Indonesia.
Ali. (2016, March 19). Becoming a Madrasah principal in decentralisation era. (Researcher, Interviewer)
Budi. (2016, March 26). Becoming a Madrasah principal in decentralization era. (Researcher, Interviewer)
Burki, S.J. Perry, G.E.&Dillinger, W.R. (1999). Beyond the center: Decentralizing the State. Washington D.C.: The World Bank.
BPS Kab Banyumas. (2015, January 10). BPS. Retrieved october 2016, from BPW Website: http://banyumaskab.bps.go.id
Bray, M. & Thomas, M. (1998). Financing of Education in Indonesia. Manila: Asian Development Bank (ADB), Comparative Education Research Center.
Brewster, C. and Railsback, J. (2003). Building Trusting Relationship for School Improvement: Implication for Principals and Teachers. Yellowknife: Northwest Regional Education Laboratory.
Departemen Agama RI. (2004). Sejarah Madrasah, pertumbuhan, dinamika dan perkembanganya di Indonesia (Madrasah History, growth, dynamics and development in Indonesia. Direktorat Jenderal Kelembagaan Agama Islam.
DeArmond, M. a. (2014, March 7). How do school districts recruit and select principals? Evidence from Washington State.
Dhofier, Z. (1982). Tradisi pesantren: Study tentang pandangan hidup kyai (Pesantren tradition: A study of Kyais' way of life. Jakarta: LP3ES.
Education Management Information System (EMIS) MORA. (2001). Madrasah Aliyah Public and Private. Jakarta: MoRA.
Education Management Information System (EMIS). (2000). Statistics of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri and Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Se-Indonesia. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Kelembagaan Agama Islam.
Edy. (2016, March 16). Becoming a principal in decentralized era. (Researcher, Interviewer).
Elmore, R. F. (1993). School decentralisation: Who Gains? Who Loses? San Francisco: Josse-Bass.
Habegger, S. (2008, September/Oktober). The principal's role in successful school: creating a positive school culture. Principal , pp. 42-46.
Hallinger, P. (2012, ctober 4). School leadership that makes a Difference: Lessons from 30 years of International Research. Rome, Italy: Asia Pacific Centre for Leadership and Change.
Harison, J.-A. (1998). School governance: is the clash between teachers and principals inevitable? Journal of Educational Administration , 36 (1), 59-82.
Heller, R.W. and Pautler, A.J. (1990). The administrator of the future: combining Instructional and managerial leadership. In S. a. Jacobson, Educational leadership in an age of reform (pp. 131-143). London and New York: Longman.
Hodgkinson, C. (1992). Educational leadership: the Moral art. New York, Albany: SUNY Press.
Husain S. & Ashraf A. (1979). Crisis in Muslim Education. Jeddah: Holder and Stoughton King Abdul Aziz University.
Jalal F. and Musthafa B . (2001). Education Reform in the context of regional autonomy: The case of Indonesia. Jakarta: Ministry of National Education, National Development Planning Agency adn the World Bank.
Jarot. (2016, March 23). Becoming a principal in an SMA. (Researcher, Interviewer).
Jones, S. (1991). The Javanese pesantren: Between elite and peasantry. In C. Keyes, Reshaping local world: Formal education and cultural change in rural South East Asia. New Heaven: Yale South East Asia Studies Yale Center for International and Area Studies.
Law 25 of 2004. (2004). The basic principle of governance . Ministry of Law and Human Right.
Lee, K. (1995). Education and Politics in Indonesia 1945-1965. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: University of Malaya Press.
Leithwood, K. &. (1999). A century's quest to understand school leadership. In J. M. Louis, Handbook of Reserch on Educational Administration. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publisher.
Mauldin, L. (1961). The colonial influence of Indonesian education. Michigan: Unpublished Microfilmed dissertation, George Peabody College for Teachers.
Marwoto, E. (2016, April 9). How District Government Recruit School Principals. (Saefudin, Interviewer)
Ministry of Religious Affairs. (2014). Buku Statistik Pendidikan Islam (Islamic Education Statistics). Jakarta: Dirjen Pendidikan Islam.
Myers, E. and Murphy, J. (1995). Suburban secondary school principals' perceptions of administrative control in schools. Journal of Educational Administration , 33 (3), 14-37.
Nasution, S. (1983). Sejarah pendidikan Indonesia (The history of Indonesian education). Bandung: Jemmars.
New Leaders. (2013, July). Change agents: how states can develop effective school leaders. The importance of leadership .
Nurhamid. (2015, January 21). Regulation on Madrasah Principal in MoRA. (Researcher, Interviewer)
OECD/Asian Development Bank. (2015). Education in Indonesia: Rising to the Challenge. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Poerbakawatja, S. (1970). Pendidikan dalam alam Indonesia merdeka (Education in Independence Indonesia). Djakarta: Gunung Agung.
Price, H. E. (2012). How Affective Relationships Shape Principal and Teacher Attitudes. Online Journal of Educational Administration Quarterly , 48 (1), 39-85.
Rondinelli, D. (1981). Government decentralisation in Comparative perspectives. International Review of Administrative Science , 47 (2), 133-145.
Sakai, M. (2002). Beyond Jakarta: regional autonomy and local societies in Indonesia. Adelaide: crawford Publishing.
Seong, D. N. (2007). Developing Singapore school leaders. Commonwealth Education Partnership , 111-113.
Shereen. (2016, April 6). Becoming a Madrasah principal. (researcher, Interviewer)
Starrat, R. (1998). Grounding moral educational leadership in the morality of teaching and learning. Journal of Leading and Managing , 4 (4), 243-255.
Sumintono, B. (2006). Decentralized centralism: School based management policies and practices at state secondary schools in Mataram, Lombok, Indonesia . 20. Faculty of Education, the Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
Supeno, H. (1999). Agenda reformasi pendidikan (Educational reform agenda). Magelang: Pustaka Paramedia.
Syarif. (2016, March 30). Becoming a Madrasah principal. (Researcher, Interviewer)
The Wallace Foundation. (2013). the principal as leader. The wallace foundation.
Tilaar, H. (2002). Perubahan sosial dan pendidikan (Social change and education). Jakarta: PT Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia in collaboration with the Center for Education and Community Studies.
Turner, M. Podger, O. Sumardjono, M & Tithayasa, W.T. (2003). Desentralisation in Indonesia: Redesigning the State. Canberra: Asia Pacifis Press at the Australian National University.
Vogel, L. R. (2015). Values and context: Taiwan principal preparation and practice from an American perspective. International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies , 7 (2), 47-60.
Vlekke, B. (1959). Nusantara: a history of Indonesia (Revised Edition ed.). Bandung: Van Hoeve.
Zamroni. (2000). Pendidikan untuk demokrasi, tatantangan menuju civil society (Education for democracy. challange towards civil society). Yogyakarta: Bigraf.
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Published
2016-10-24
How to Cite
Safi’i, S. A. (2016). Comparing The Principalship of Madrasah and Sekolah in The Decentralization Era. International Conference of Moslem Society, 1, 24–35. https://doi.org/10.24090/icms.2016.1823
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ICMS 2016
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