Overcoming Regulatory Hurdles in the Indonesian Crowdfunding Landscape

Authors

  • Afif Noor Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8427-0168
  • Ismail Marzuki Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo, Semarang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0395-9814
  • Edy Saputro Detecon Al Saudia Co. Ltd., Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Muhammad Akmal Habib The University of Sidney, Australia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v6i2.9447

Keywords:

Crowdfunding; Regulation; Legal Certainty; Justice.

Abstract

With the exponential rise in crowdfunding, several pertinent issues have come to the fore. These include unauthorized access to personal data, exorbitant interest rates for funding recipients, and investor fund security concerns. Other issues, such as aggressive debt collection practices and misuse of donated funds, also warrant attention. The underdeveloped state of crowdfunding regulations in Indonesia, which offers insufficient legal certainty and protection, is often blamed for these issues. Thus, a thorough examination of the legal and regulatory framework governing crowdfunding in Indonesia is crucial. This study scrutinizes the legal norms, identifies, and harmonizes the diverse regulations applicable to crowdfunding in Indonesia. The findings underscore the necessity for enhancements in the laws and regulations pertinent to crowdfunding. Key areas of focus should include establishing a legal status for crowdfunding platforms, setting fair interest rates, fortifying investor fund security mechanisms, penalizing illegal crowdfunding activities, and intensifying oversight of fund usage in donation-based crowdfunding schemes. Equally crucial is the imposition of penalties for regulatory breaches in crowdfunding, reflecting a genuine commitment towards ensuring justice and legal certainty in all crowdfunding transactions.

References

Afif Noor, Moh. Arifin, Deni Parama Widia Astuti, Maria Anna Muryani, Noor Rosyidah, Dwi Wulandari, Aqila-Syarief Muhammad Afif. “Revolutionizing Indonesia ’ s Financial Landscape : The Impact of Information Technology on the Growth of Financial Technology Start-Ups.” Multidisciplinary Reviews 6, no. 4 (2023): e2023031.

Ahlstrom, David, Douglas J. Cumming, and Silvio Vismara. “New Methods of Entrepreneurial Firm Financing: Fintech, Crowdfunding and Corporate Governance Implications.” Corporate Governance: An International Review 26, no. 5 (2018): 310–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12258.

Akbar, Muhammad Fatahillah. “The Urgency of Law Reforms on Economic Crimes in Indonesia.” Cogent Social Sciences 9, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2175487.

Alhammad, Muna M., Rawan AlOthman, and Chekfoung Tan. “Review of Crowdfunding Regulations across Countries: A Systematic Review Study.” Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 6, no. 4 (2021): em0145. https://doi.org/10.21601/jisem/11395.

Aludi. “Selengkapnya Anggota,” 2023.

Angkasa, Angkasa, Filep Wamafma, Ogiandhafiz Juanda, and Bhanu Prakash Nunna. Illegal Online Loans in Indonesia: Between the Law Enforcement and Protection of Victim. Lex Scientia Law Review. Vol. 7, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v7i1.67558.

Apendi, Sofyan. “Ketiadaan Peraturan Menteri Dalam Hierarki Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Nasional Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Penataan Regulasi Dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional.” PALAR (Pakuan Law Review 07 (2021): 111–26.

Bagheri, Afsaneh, Hasti Chitsazan, and Ashkan Ebrahimi. “Crowdfunding Motivations: A Focus on Donors’ Perspectives.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 146, no. June 2018 (2019): 218–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.05.002.

Bassani, Gaia, Nicoletta Marinelli, and Silvio Vismara. “Crowdfunding in Healthcare.” Journal of Technology Transfer 44, no. 4 (2019): 1290–1310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-018-9663-7.

Battisti, Enrico, Fabio Creta, and Nicola Miglietta. “Equity Crowdfunding and Regulation: Implications for the Real Estate Sector in Italy.” Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 28, no. 3 (2020): 353–68. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-08-2018-0109.

Bishnu Kumar Adhikary, Kenji Kutsuna, Takaaki Hoda. Crowdfunding Lessons from Japan’s Approach. Singapore: Springer, 2018.

Busse, Valerie. Crowdfunding – An Empirical Study on the Entrepreneurial Viewpoint. Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies. Vol. 23. Springer International Publishing, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98557-2_28.

Cicchiello, Antonella Francesca. “Harmonizing the Crowdfunding Regulation in Europe: Need, Challenges, and Risks.” Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship 32, no. 6 (2020): 585–606. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2019.1603945.

Cox, Joe, and Thang Nguyen. “Does the Crowd Mean Business? An Analysis of Rewards-Based Crowdfunding as a Source of Finance for Start-Ups and Small Businesses.” Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 25, no. 1 (2018): 147–62. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-05-2017-0165.

Cumming, Douglas, Lars Hornuf, Moein Karami, and Denis Schweizer. “Disentangling Crowdfunding from Fraudfunding.” Journal of Business Ethics 182, no. 4 (2023): 1103–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04942-w.

Duncan, N.J., and T. Hutchinson. “Defining and Describing What We Do: Doctrinal Legal Research.” Deakin Law Review 37, no. 9 (2012): 1591–1601.

Dworkin, Ronald M. “The Model of Rules.” Theoretical and Empirical Studies of Rights, 2017, 45–77. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315236353-5.

Fateh Labanieh, Mohamad, Mohammad Azam Hussain, and Nazli Mahdzir. “The Regulatory Framework Governing Traditional Arbitration in Resolving Islamic Banking Disputes in Malaysia: The Time for Change.” Jurnal Hukum Novelty 12, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/novelty.v12i2.a20791.

Ferraro, Francesco. “Utility, Predictability, and Rights: Bentham’s Utilitarianism and Constitutional Entitlements.” Ratio Juris 35, no. 1 (2022): 38–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/raju.12335.

Ferrucci, Edoardo, Roberto Guida, and Valentina Meliciani. “Financial Constraints and the Growth and Survival of Innovative Start-Ups: An Analysis of Italian Firms.” European Financial Management 27, no. 2 (2021): 364–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/eufm.12277.

Financial Services Authority. “Penyelenggara Fintech Lending Terdaftar Dan Berizin Di OJK Per November 2021,” 2021.

Haji Gholam Saryazdi, Ali, Ali Rajabzadeh Ghatari, Alinaghi Mashayekhi, and Alireza Hassanzadeh. “Designing a Qualitative System Dynamics Model of Crowdfunding by Document Model Building.” Qualitative Research in Financial Markets 12, no. 2 (2020): 197–224. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-07-2018-0082.

Hamdani, Fathul, and Ana Fauzia. “The Urgency of Legal Protection for Online Loan Service Users.” Atlantis Press 592, no. Iclhr (2021): 215–21.

Hanifah, Rokhmatun, Gadang Prayoga, Ruhil Anadiah Sabrina, and Dona Budi Kharisma. “Tantangan Hukum Peer-to-Peer Lending Dalam Mendorong Pertumbuhan Industri Financial Technology.” Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Hukum 16, no. 2 (2021): 195–205.

Haniff, Wan Amir Azlan Wan, Asma Hakimah Ab Halim, and Rahmah Ismail. “The Regulation of Equity Crowdfunding in United Kingdom and Malaysia: A Comparative Study.” Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 8, no. 3 (2019): 45–56. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2019-0004.

Hariyanto, Erie, Harisah, Hidayatullah, Moh Hamzah, Fatekhul Mujib, and Cut Linda Marheni. “In Search of Ummah Welfare Model: The Revitalisation of Sharia Economic Law in Indonesia.” Sriwijaya Law Review 7, no. 2 (2023): 244–61. https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.Vol7.Iss2.1080.pp244-261.

Hutari Dwi Putri, Felia, and Novianita Sita Devi. “Analisa Penyalahgunaan Social Crowdfunding.” Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Keuangan 5, no. 5 (2022): 2391–95. https://doi.org/10.32670/fairvalue.v5i5.2390.

Ivanov, Vladimir, and Anzhela Knyazeva. “U.S. Securities-Based Crowdfunding under Title III of the JOBS Act 1 Summary Below We Present Initial Evidence on the Offering Activity in the Title III Crowdfunding Market for Offerings Initiated During,” 2017, 1–27.

Jenik, Ivo, Lyman Timothy, and Alessandro Nava. “Crowdfunding and Financial Inclusion.” Cgap (Working Paper), no. March (2017): 1–48.

Johan, Suwinto, and Ariawan Ariawan. “Consumer Protection in Financial Institutions.” Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 29, no. 2 (2021): 173–83. https://doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v29i2.16382.

Johan, Suwinto, Ariawan, and Luo Yuan Yuan. “Insider Trading: Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 1995 on Capital Market from Typewriters to Digital Era.” Jurnal Hukum Novelty 13, no. 1 (July 22, 2022): 13–25. https://doi.org/10.26555/NOVELTY.V13I1.A19101.

Kurniawan, I Gede Agus. “Digitalization of Business Law: Urgency and Orientation of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0.” Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi 5, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 253–65. https://doi.org/10.24090/VOLKSGEIST.V5I2.6847.

Lee, Seung Hun, Wafa Shafqat, and Hyun Chul Kim. “Backers Beware: Characteristics and Detection of Fraudulent Crowdfunding Campaigns.” Sensors 22, no. 19 (2022): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197677.

Liang, Ting Peng, Shelly Ping Ju Wu, and Chih chi Huang. “Why Funders Invest in Crowdfunding Projects: Role of Trust from the Dual-Process Perspective.” Information and Management 56, no. 1 (2019): 70–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2018.07.002.

Lukk, Martin, Erik Schneiderhan, and Joanne Soares. “Worthy? Crowdfunding the Canadian Health Care and Education Sectors.” Canadian Review of Sociology 55, no. 3 (2018): 404–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/cars.12210.

Madjid, Zahwa. “Pelaku UMKM Himpun Dana Rp 911 Miliar Lewat Securities Crowdfunding,” 2023.

Muryani, M A, N Rosyidah, M A Davin, and ... “The Role of Donation-Based Crowdfunding Platforms in Improving People’s Welfare (Study on the Kitabisa. Com).” JED (Jurnal Etika … 8, no. 3 (2023): 373–82. https://doi.org/10.26618/jed.v.

Nazmus Saadat, Md, Syed Abdul Halim, Husna Osman, Rasheed Mohammad Nassr, and Megat F. Zuhairi. “Blockchain Based Crowdfunding Systems.” Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 15, no. 1 (2019): 409–13. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i1.pp409-413.

Noor, Afif, Dwi Wulandari, Aqila-Syarief Muhammad Afif. “Regulating Fintech Lending in Indonesia: A Study of Regulation of Financial Services Authority No. 10/POJK.05/2022.” Qubahan Academic Journal 3, no. 4 (2023): 42–50. https://doi.org/10.48161/qaj.v3n4a156.

Noor, Afif. “Socio-Legal Research: Integration of Normative and Empirical Juridical Research in Legal Research.” Jurnal Ilmiah Dunia Hukum 7, no. 2 (2023): 94–112. https://doi.org/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.35973/jidh.v7i2.3154.

———. “The Legal Regulatory Framework of Sharia Securities Crowdfunding in Indonesia.” Masalah-Masalah Hukum 51, no. 4 (2022): 433–44. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.51.4.2022.433-444.

Noor, Afif, Haniff Ahamat, Ismail Marzuki, Dwi Wulandari, Akhmad Arif Junaidi, Edy Lisdiyono, and Bakti Trisnawati. “Regulation and Consumer Protection of Fintech in Indonesia.” Linguistics and Culture Review 6, no. August 2021 (2021): 49–63. https://doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v6ns3.1938.

Othman, Rozita, Zuraidah Ali, Ibtisam @ Ilyana Ilias, and Azlena Khalid. “Overview of Community-Based Crowdfunding in Malaysia: Legal Issues and the Way Forward.” International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 11, no. 11 (2021). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i11/11306.

Portuese, Aurelien, Orla Gough, and Joseph Tanega. “The Principle of Legal Certainty as a Principle of Economic Efficiency.” European Journal of Law and Economics 44, no. 1 (2017): 131–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-014-9435-2.

Prokofeva, Elena, Marina Chudinovskikh, Yulia Kuvaeva, Olesya Kononenko, and Nadezhda Boronenkova. “Crowdfunding Regulation Models: International and Russian Experience in Context of Sustainable Development.” E3S Web of Conferences 208 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020806009.

Radbruch, Gustav. “Law’s Image of the Human.” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 40, no. 4 (2020): 667–81. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqaa026.

Ramrattan, Lall, and Michael Szenberg. “Introduction and General Overview of Economic Happiness.” Fundamentals of Happiness, 2021, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839107733.00006.

Rijanto, Arief. “Donation-Based Crowdfunding as Corporate Social Responsibility Activities and Financing.” Journal of General Management 43, no. 2 (2018): 79–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306307017748125.

Riwanto, Agus, Sukarni Suryaningsih, and Delasari Krisda Putri. “Reform and Breakthrough in Business Regulations for Empowering MSMEs in Indonesia and the Netherlands.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 3, no. 3 (2023): 513–40. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i3.109.

Rizky, Ichsan, and Rani Apriani. “Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Oleh Pihak Penyelenggara Pada Layanan Securities Crowdfunding Atas Risiko Kerugian Investasi Terhadap Pemodal Serta Perlindungan Hukumnya.” Jurnal HukumRespublica, 2020, 1–19.

Robock, Zachary. “The Risk of Money Laundering Through Crowdfunding: A Funding Portal’s Guide to Compliance and Crime Fighting.” Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review 4, no. 4.1 (2014): 113. https://doi.org/10.36639/mbelr.4.1.risk.

Ryu, Sunghan, and Ayoung Suh. “Online Service or Virtual Community? Building Platform Loyalty in Reward-Based Crowdfunding.” Internet Research 31, no. 1 (2021): 315–40. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-06-2019-0256.

Setya, Kartika Winkar, Abdul Aziz Nasihuddin, and Izawati Wook. “Fulfilling Communal Rights through the Implementation of the Second Principle of Pancasila towards the Regulation on Agrarian Reform.” Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi 6, no. 1 (June 2023): 89–102. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v6i1.7867.

Skare, Marinko, Beata Gavurova, and Volodymyr Polishchuk. “A Decision-Making Support Model for Financing Start-up Projects by Venture Capital Funds on a Crowdfunding Platform.” Journal of Business Research 158 (2023): 113719. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113719.

Sriani, Endang, Farid Hasan, and Sukron Ma’mun. “Violation of Human Right for Collateral Fraud in Sharia Financial Institution Based on Fiduciary Guaranty Law and Rahn Law.” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 22, no. 1 (June 15, 2023): 133–43. https://doi.org/10.31958/JURIS.V22I1.9157.

Statista Research Department. “Market Size of the Donation-Based Crowdfunding Industry in Indonesia from 2013 to 2017,” 2023.

Syamsudin, M. “The Failure of the Court to Protect Consumers: A Review of Consumer Dispute Resolution in Indonesia.” Journal of Consumer Policy 44, no. 1 (2021): 117–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-020-09470-0.

Szabó, Roland Z.S., Réka Szász, and Borbála Szedmák. “Demand and Supply Sides of the Crowdfunding Ecosystem: The Case of Kickstarter Campaigns and Potential Hungarian Investors.” Society and Economy 43, no. 2 (2021): 65–183. https://doi.org/10.1556/204.2021.00008.

Talukder, Saurav Chandra. “Exploring the Landscape of Social Entrepreneurship and Crowdfunding : A Bibliometric Analysis,” 2023, 1–22.

Wardah, Fathiyah. “PPATK: 176 Lembaga Filantropi Selewengkan Dana Donasi, Terutama Ke Pengurus Sendiri,” 2022.

Yudanti, Anggita, and Wicipto Setiadi. “Problematika Pembentukan Regulasi Indonesia Dalam Perencanaan Pembentukan Regulasi Dengan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah.” Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi 5, no. 1 (2022): 27–40. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v5i1.4973.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-30

How to Cite

Noor, A., Marzuki, I., Saputro, E., & Habib, M. A. (2023). Overcoming Regulatory Hurdles in the Indonesian Crowdfunding Landscape. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi, 6(2), 245–260. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v6i2.9447

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Obs.: This plugin requires at least one statistics/report plugin to be enabled. If your statistics plugins provide more than one metric then please also select a main metric on the admin's site settings page and/or on the journal manager's settings pages.