Artificial Intelligence Policy in Promoting Indonesian Tourism

Abdul Kadir Jaelani; Resti Dian Luthviati; Ahmad Siboy; Sholahuddin Al Fatih; Muhammad Jihadul Hayat

doi:10.24090/volksgeist.v7i1.10623

Authors

Abdul Kadir Jaelani Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6880-0598
Resti Dian Luthviati Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
Ahmad Siboy Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Malang, Indonesia
Sholahuddin Al Fatih Faculty of Law, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
Muhammad Jihadul Hayat Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v7i1.10623

Keywords:

Artificial intelligence; digital; tourism; wonderful.

Abstract

Artificial intelligence changes how tourist destinations operate, provides better service to visitors, and provides long-term benefits for local communities and the environment. However, it is essential to question whether governments can effectively resolve data privacy and cybersecurity challenges when deploying these technologies. This study aims to analyze issues related to the role of artificial intelligence policy in promoting Indonesia's digital tourism. This research employs a normative legal approach, drawing from both statutory and historical sources. This research concludes that Indonesia promotes artificial intelligence in tourism by investing in AI technology research and development, collaborating between the government and the private sector to implement AI solutions, and establishing a supportive regulatory framework to ensure the ethical use of AI in tourism. The impact of digitalization policies on digital tourism includes increasing accessibility and convenience for tourists through online ordering systems and digital payment methods, developing smart destinations with Internet of Things technology and data-based insights, and enhancing tourist experiences through augmented reality applications and virtual reality.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdussamad, Zamroni, and Mohamad Hidayat Muhtar. “Etika Penggunaan Media Sosial Dalam Promosi Destinasi Wisata Di Desa Patoameme.” Akuntansi Dan Humaniora: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (2022): 132–39. https://doi.org/10.38142/ahjpm.v1i2.339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.38142/ahjpm.v1i2.339

Aguiar-Quintana, Teresa, Concepción Román, and Philipp M.M. Gubisch. “The Post-COVID-19 Tourism Recovery Led by Crisis-Resistant Tourists: Surf Tourism Preferences in the Canary Islands.” Tourism Management Perspectives 44 (October 2022): 101041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2022.101041. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2022.101041

Ahanger, Tariq Ahamed, Abdullah Aljumah, and Mohammed Atiquzzaman. “State-of-the-Art Survey of Artificial Intelligent Techniques for IoT Security.” Computer Networks 206 (2022): 108771. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2022.108771. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2022.108771

Alabed, Amani, Ana Javornik, and Diana Gregory-Smith. “AI Anthropomorphism and Its Effect on Users’ Self-Congruence and Self–AI Integration: A Theoretical Framework and Research Agenda.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 182, no. May (2022): 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121786. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121786

Annamalah, Sanmugam, Pradeep Paraman, Selim Ahmed, Rajinder Dass, Ilham Sentosa, Thillai Raja Pertheban, Farid Shamsudin, et al. “The Role of Open Innovation and a Normalizing Mechanism of Social Capital in the Tourism Industry.” Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 9, no. 2 (2023): 100056. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100056. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100056

Arif, Yunifa Miftachul, Duvan Deswantara Putra, Dyah Wardani, Supeno Mardi Susiki Nugroho, and Mochamad Hariadi. “Decentralized Recommender System for Ambient Intelligence of Tourism Destinations Serious Game Using Known and Unknown Rating Approach.” Heliyon 9, no. 3 (2023): e14267. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14267

Azizah, Mabarroh. “Does the Government ’ s Regulations in Land Ownership Empower the Protection of Human Rights ?” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 4, no. 2 (2024): 391–421. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v4i2.222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v4i2.222

Balsalobre-Lorente, Daniel, Jaffar Abbas, Chang He, Ladislav Pilař, and Syed Ale Raza Shah. “Tourism, Urbanization and Natural Resources Rents Matter for Environmental Sustainability: The Leading Role of AI and ICT on Sustainable Development Goals in the Digital Era.” Resources Policy 82 (May 2023): 103445. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESOURPOL.2023.103445. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103445

Beltrán, Marta, and Miguel Calvo. “A Privacy Threat Model for Identity Verification Based on Facial Recognition.” Computers & Security 132 (2023): 103324. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2023.103324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2023.103324

Bhahri, S. “E-Tourism Dalam Pengenalan Sektor Pariwisata Berbasis Android Di Kota Makassar.” E-Jurnal JUSITI (Jurnal Sistem Informasi Dan Teknologi Informasi) 10, no. 1 (April 2021): 94–106. https://doi.org/10.36774/jusiti.v10i1.824. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36774/jusiti.v10i1.824

Bocken, Nancy M P, and Samuel W Short. “Unsustainable Business Models – Recognising and Resolving Institutionalised Social and Environmental Harm.” Journal of Cleaner Production 312 (2021): 127828. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127828. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127828

Bolierakis, Spyridon Nektarios, Margarita Kostovasili, Lazaros Karagiannidis, and Dr. Angelos Amditis. “Training on LSA Lifeboat Operation Using Mixed Reality.” Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware 5, no. 3 (2023): 201–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vrih.2023.02.005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vrih.2023.02.005

Borrás, Susana, and Jakob Edler. “The Roles of the State in the Governance of Socio-Technical Systems’ Transformation.” Research Policy 49, no. 5 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.103971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.103971

Borseková, Kamila, Anna Vaňová, and Katarína Vitálišová. “Smart Specialization for Smart Spatial Development: Innovative Strategies for Building Competitive Advantages in Tourism in Slovakia.” Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 58 (2017): 39–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2016.10.004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2016.10.004

Bulchand-Gidumal, Jacques. “Post-COVID-19 Recovery of Island Tourism Using a Smart Tourism Destination Framework.” Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 23 (March 2022): 100689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2022.100689. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2022.100689

Casado-Aranda, Luis-Alberto, Juan Sánchez-Fernández, and Ana-Belén Bastidas-Manzano. “Tourism Research after the COVID-19 Outbreak: Insights for More Sustainable, Local and Smart Cities.” Sustainable Cities and Society 73 (2021): 103126. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103126

Chen, Yi Ning Katherine, and Chia Ho Ryan Wen. “Impacts of Attitudes Toward Government and Corporations on Public Trust in Artificial Intelligence.” Communication Studies 72, no. 1 (2021): 115–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2020.1807380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2020.1807380

Chenyu, Jiang, Yang Jun, Xue Ke, He Zhanyu, and Yang Ming. “Coupling of Adjoint-Based Markov/CCMT Predictive Analytics with Data Assimilation for Real-Time Risk Scenario Forecasting of Industrial Digital Process Control Systems.” Process Safety and Environmental Protection 171 (2023): 951–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2023.01.077. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2023.01.077

Chung, Namho, Heejeong Han, and Youhee Joun. “Tourists’ Intention to Visit a Destination: The Role of Augmented Reality (AR) Application for a Heritage Site.” Computers in Human Behavior 50 (2015): 588–99. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.068. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.068

Clark, Jack, and Ray Perrault. “Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2022.” Human-Centered AI Institute, Stanford University, 2022.

———. “Artificial Intelligence Index Report Introduction to the AI Index Report 2023.” Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, 2023.

Collado-Agudo, Jesús, Ángel Herrero-Crespo, and Héctor San Martín-Gutiérrez. “The Adoption of a Smart Destination Model by Tourism Companies: An Ecosystem Approach.” Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 28 (2023): 100783. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2023.100783. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2023.100783

Direktorat Jenderal Perimbangan Keuangan. “Annual Report 2020.” Jakarta, 2020.

Duan, Yanqing, John S. Edwards, and Yogesh K. Dwivedi. “Artificial Intelligence for Decision Making in the Era of Big Data – Evolution, Challenges and Research Agenda.” International Journal of Information Management 48, no. January (2019): 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.01.021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.01.021

Dwivedi, Yogesh K, Laurie Hughes, Abdullah M Baabdullah, Samuel Ribeiro-Navarrete, Mihalis Giannakis, Mutaz M Al-Debei, Denis Dennehy, et al. “Metaverse beyond the Hype: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Emerging Challenges, Opportunities, and Agenda for Research, Practice and Policy.” International Journal of Information Management 66 (2022): 102542. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542

Eichelberger, Sarah, Mike Peters, Birgit Pikkemaat, and Chung-Shing Chan. “Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in Smart Cities for Tourism Development: From Stakeholder Perceptions to Regional Tourism Policy Implications.” Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 45 (2020): 319–29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.06.011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.06.011

elvira. “The Challenges of Decentralization Fiscal Regulations: Experience from the Philippines.” Bestuur 11, no. 2 (2023): 235–52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v11i2.75247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v11i2.75247

Flores-Crespo, Pedro, Maria Bermudez-Edo, and Jose Luis Garrido. “Smart Tourism in Villages: Challenges and the Alpujarra Case Study.” Procedia Computer Science 204 (2022): 663–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.08.080. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.08.080

Fujii, Hidemichi, and Shunsuke Managi. “Trends and Priority Shifts in Artificial Intelligence Technology Invention: A Global Patent Analysis.” Economic Analysis and Policy 58, no. 2018 (2018): 60–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2017.12.006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2017.12.006

Gong, Yaqi, and Ashley Schroeder. “A Systematic Literature Review of Data Privacy and Security Research on Smart Tourism.” Tourism Management Perspectives 44 (2022): 101019. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2022.101019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2022.101019

Guenduez, Ali A., and Tobias Mettler. “Strategically Constructed Narratives on Artificial Intelligence: What Stories Are Told in Governmental Artificial Intelligence Policies?” Government Information Quarterly 40, no. 1 (2023): 9–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101719. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101719

Hadjielias, Elias, Michael Christofi, Prokopis Christou, and Maria Hadjielia Drotarova. “Digitalization, Agility, and Customer Value in Tourism.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 175 (2022): 121334. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121334

Hailiang, Zeng, Ka Yin Chau, and Muhammad Waqas. “Does Green Finance and Renewable Energy Promote Tourism for Sustainable Development: Empirical Evidence from China.” Renewable Energy 207 (May 2023): 660–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.03.032. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.03.032

Hamzah, Hamzah, Irfan Amir, Sultan Hasanuddin, Tarmizi Tarmizi, and Muhammad Fazlurrahman Syarif. “Sustainable Development of Mangrove Ecosystem Policy in South Sulawesi from the Perspectives of Siyāsah and Fiqh Al-Bi’ah.” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 22 22, no. 2 (2023): 367–80. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v22i2.10559. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v22i2.10559

Hankins, Emma, and Wendy Trott. “Government Artificial Intellegence Index 2022,” 2022.

Hasanah, Uswatun, and Bakhouya Driss. “The Policy on Tourism MSMEs in Indonesia and Algeria : Sustainability and Challenges.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 3, no. 3 (2023): 383–411. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i3.131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i3.131

Heliany, Ina. “Wonderful Digital Tourism Indonesia Dan Peran Revolusi Industri Dalam Menghadapi Era Ekonomi Digital 5.0.” Destinesia : Jurnal Hospitaliti Dan Pariwisata 1, no. 1 (2019): 21–35. https://doi.org/10.31334/jd.v1i1.551. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31334/jd.v1i1.551

Herath, H.M.K.K.M.B., and Mamta Mittal. “Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Smart Cities: A Comprehensive Review.” International Journal of Information Management Data Insights 2, no. 1 (2022): 100076. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2022.100076. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2022.100076

Hu, Runhong, Chaohui Wang, Tingting Zhang, Thixuan Nguyen, Valeriya Shapoval, and Lingchen Zhai. “Applying Augmented Reality (AR) Technologies in Theatrical Performances in Theme Parks: A Transcendent Experience Perspective.” Tourism Management Perspectives 40 (2021): 100889. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100889. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100889

Hussain, Shahid, Valtteri Ahonen, Taha Karasu, and Pekka Leviäkangas. “Sustainability of Smart Rural Mobility and Tourism: A Key Performance Indicators-Based Approach.” Technology in Society 74 (2023): 102287. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102287

Indra, Febryola, Cheryl Jocelyn, Felicia Andyny Harijanto, and Feronia Aitana Iwantoro. “ETIKA PROFESI PARIWISATA: PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL SEBAGAI SARANA PROMOSI DESTINASI PARIWISATA.” Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian 4, no. 2 (2023): 351–56. https://doi.org/10.47492/jip.v4i2.2681.

Johnson, Prince Chacko, Christofer Laurell, Mart Ots, and Christian Sandström. “Digital Innovation and the Effects of Artificial Intelligence on Firms’ Research and Development – Automation or Augmentation, Exploration or Exploitation?” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 179, no. March (2022): 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121636. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121636

Karaman, Onur, Adi Alhudhaif, and Kemal Polat. “Development of Smart Camera Systems Based on Artificial Intelligence Network for Social Distance Detection to Fight against COVID-19.” Applied Soft Computing 110 (2021): 107610. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2021.107610. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2021.107610

Kim, Changwook, and Jinwon Kim. “Spatial Spillovers of Sport Industry Clusters and Community Resilience: Bridging a Spatial Lens to Building a Smart Tourism City.” Information Processing & Management 60, no. 3 (2023): 103266. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2023.103266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2023.103266

Knani, Mouna, Said Echchakoui, and Riadh Ladhari. “Artificial Intelligence in Tourism and Hospitality: Bibliometric Analysis and Research Agenda.” International Journal of Hospitality Management 107 (2022): 103317. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103317. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103317

Koh, Le Yi, Min Wu, Xueqin Wang, and Kum Fai Yuen. “Willingness to Participate in Virtual Reality Technologies: Public Adoption and Policy Perspectives for Marine Conservation.” Journal of Environmental Management 334 (2023): 117480. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117480. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117480

Kontogianni, Aristea, Efthimios Alepis, and Constantinos Patsakis. “Promoting Smart Tourism Personalised Services via a Combination of Deep Learning Techniques.” Expert Systems with Applications 187 (2022): 115964. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.115964. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.115964

Kusumaningtyas, Reza Octavia, Rahayu Subekti, Abdul Kadir Jaelani, Asron Orsantinutsakul, and Utkarsh K. Mishra. “Reduction of Digitalization Policy in Indonesian MSMEs and Implications for Sharia Economic Development.” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 21, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 157–71. https://doi.org/10.31958/JURIS.V21I2.6855. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v21i2.6855

Leonard, Tommy, Elvira Fitriyani, and Rakotoarisoa Maminirina. “The Influence of Green Tax Regulations on New Renewable.” Bestuur 11, no. 2 (2023): 384–405. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v11i2.82506. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v11i2.82506

Lin, Li-Pin (Lynn), Shu-Chun (Lucy) Huang, and Yao-Chun Ho. “Could Virtual Reality Effectively Market Slow Travel in a Heritage Destination?” Tourism Management 78 (June 2020): 104027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104027. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104027

Loureiro, Sandra Maria Correia, João Guerreiro, and Faizan Ali. “20 Years of Research on Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in Tourism Context: A Text-Mining Approach.” Tourism Management 77 (April 2020): 104028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104028. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104028

Ma, Shigui, Yong He, and Ran Gu. “Joint Service, Pricing and Advertising Strategies with Tourists’ Green Tourism Experience in a Tourism Supply Chain.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 61 (July 2021): 102563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102563

Maharani, Ajeng, and Faula Mahalika. “New Normal Tourism As a Support of National Economic Resistance in the Pandemic Period.” Jurnal Kajian LEMHANNAS RI 8, no. 2 (2020): 44. https://doi.org/10.55960/jlri.v8i2.308.

Maramis, Diana, and Vekky Supit. “PROMOSI PARIWISATA DI TENGAH DINAMIKA ISU GLOBAL: DAMPAK PANDEMIK VIRUS CORONA TERHADAP KONVERSI KAMPANYE PROMOSI PARIWISATA KOTA MANADO DI MEDIA SOSIAL.” Jurnal Program Studi Dan Bisnis Gidigal 1, no. 2 (2021): 42–56. https://doi.org/10.30813/digismantech.v1i2.3244.

Michalena, Evanthie, and Valérie Angeon. “Local Challenges in the Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources: The Case of Crete.” Energy Policy 37, no. 5 (2009): 2018–26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.01.047. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.01.047

Mohammed, R T, A H Alamoodi, O S Albahri, A A Zaidan, H A AlSattar, Uwe Aickelin, A S Albahri, B B Zaidan, Amelia Ritahani Ismail, and R Q Malik. “A Decision Modeling Approach for Smart E-Tourism Data Management Applications Based on Spherical Fuzzy Rough Environment.” Applied Soft Computing 143 (2023): 110297. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2023.110297. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2023.110297

Ngeoywijit, Sumalee, Tawamin Kruasom, KiengKwan Ugsornwongand, Rapeepan Pitakaso, Worapot Sirirak, Natthapong Nanthasamroeng, Thachada Kotmongkol, Thanatkij Srichok, Surajet Khonjun, and Chutchai Kaewta. “Open Innovations for Tourism Logistics Design: A Case Study of a Smart Bus Route Design for the Medical Tourist in the City of Greater Mekong Subregion.” Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 4 (2022): 173. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8040173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8040173

Oprescu, A M, G Miró-Amarante, L García-Díaz, V E Rey, A Chimenea-Toscano, R Martínez-Martínez, and M C Romero-Ternero. “Towards a Data Collection Methodology for Responsible Artificial Intelligence in Health: A Prospective and Qualitative Study in Pregnancy.” Information Fusion 83–84 (2022): 53–78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2022.03.011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2022.03.011

Ouafiq, El Mehdi, Rachid Saadane, Abdellah Chehri, and Seunggil Jeon. “AI-Based Modeling and Data-Driven Evaluation for Smart Farming-Oriented Big Data Architecture Using IoT with Energy Harvesting Capabilities.” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 52 (2022): 102093. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2022.102093. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2022.102093

Park, Sangwon, and Brigitte Stangl. “Augmented Reality Experiences and Sensation Seeking.” Tourism Management 77 (April 2020): 104023. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2019.104023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104023

Pranoto, Hady, Peter Pranata Saputra, Melki Sadekh, Herru Darmadi, and Yanfi Yanfi. “Augmented Reality Navigation Application to Promote Tourism to Local State Attraction ‘Lawang Sewu.’” Procedia Computer Science 216 (2023): 757–64. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.12.193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.12.193

Putri, Nur, Galih Wasis, Christian Sri, Kusuma Aditya, and Yuda Munarko. “Artificial Intelligence and Quality of Composition Verdicts in Indonesia : Lessons from New Zealand.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 4, no. 1 (2024): 101–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v4i1.175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v4i1.175

Qin, Hong, Daniel Alan Peak, and Victor Prybutok. “A Virtual Market in Your Pocket: How Does Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) Influence Consumer Decision Making?” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 58 (2021): 102337. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102337

Reichstein, Christopher, and Ralf-Christian Härting. “Potentials of Changing Customer Needs in a Digital World – a Conceptual Model and Recommendations for Action in Tourism.” Procedia Computer Science 126 (2018): 1484–94. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.08.120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.08.120

Ririh, Kirana Rukmayuninda, Nur Laili, Adityo Wicaksono, and Silmi Tsurayya. “Studi Komparasi Dan Analisis Swot Pada Implementasi Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence) Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Teknik Industri 15, no. 2 (2020): 122–33. https://doi.org/10.14710/jati.15.2.122-133.

Rodrigues, Vitor, Zélia Breda, and Carlos Rodrigues. “The Implications of Industry 4.0 for the Tourism Sector: A Systematic Literature Review.” Heliyon 10, no. 11 (2024): e31590. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31590. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31590

Romão, João, and Bart Neuts. “Territorial Capital, Smart Tourism Specialization and Sustainable Regional Development: Experiences from Europe.” Habitat International 68 (2017): 64–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2017.04.006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2017.04.006

Sadamali Jayawardena, Nirma, Park Thaichon, Sara Quach, Ali Razzaq, and Abhishek Behl. “‘The Persuasion Effects of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) Video Advertisements: A Conceptual Review.’” Journal of Business Research 160 (2023): 113739. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113739. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113739

Sajjad, Muhammad, Fath U Min Ullah, Mohib Ullah, Georgia Christodoulou, Faouzi Alaya Cheikh, Mohammad Hijji, Khan Muhammad, and Joel J P C Rodrigues. “A Comprehensive Survey on Deep Facial Expression Recognition: Challenges, Applications, and Future Guidelines.” Alexandria Engineering Journal 68 (2023): 817–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.01.017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.01.017

Saputra, Rian, M Zaid, and Silaas Oghenemaro. “The Court Online Content Moderation : A Constitutional Framework.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 2, no. 3 (2022): 139–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v2i3.54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v2i3.54

Schiopu, Andreea Fortuna, Remus Ion Hornoiu, Ana Mihaela Padurean, and Ana-Maria Nica. “Constrained and Virtually Traveling? Exploring the Effect of Travel Constraints on Intention to Use Virtual Reality in Tourism.” Technology in Society 71 (2022): 102091. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102091. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102091

Setiawan, Heru, I Gusti Ayu, Ketut Rachmi, and M Guntur Hamzah. “Digitalization of Legal Transformation on Judicial Review in the Constitutional Court.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 4, no. 2 (2024): 263–98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v4i2.263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v4i2.263

Setya, Kartika Winkar, Abdul Aziz Nasihuddin, and Izawati Wook. “Fulfilling Communal Rights through the Implementation of the Second Principle of Pancasila towards the Regulation on Agrarian Reform.” Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi 6, no. 1 (June 2023): 89–102. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v6i1.7867. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v6i1.7867

Sukma, Fajar, and Zulheldi. “Government Policies in Economic Empowerment of Muslim Communities in the Digital Economy Era.” El-Mashlahah 11, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 146–63. https://doi.org/10.23971/ELMA.V11I2.3108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23971/elma.v11i2.3108

Sutrisno, Edy. “Post-Pandemic Economic Recovery Strategy Through The Umkm And Tourism Sector.” Jurnal Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional Republik Indonesia 9, no. 1 (2021): 184. https://doi.org/10.55960/jlri.v9i1.385. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55960/jlri.v9i1.385

Thoha, Mohammad, Abdul Haq, Mohammad Zaini, Dimas Danar, and M Haris Hidayatulloh. “Can Indonesia ’ s Decentralized Education Technology Governance Policy : Evidence from Muslim Countries.” Bestuur 11, no. 2 (2023): 217–34. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v11i2.78320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v11i2.78320

Torabi, Zabih-Allah, Mohammad Reza Rezvani, C Michael Hall, and Zaheer Allam. “On the Post-Pandemic Travel Boom: How Capacity Building and Smart Tourism Technologies in Rural Areas Can Help - Evidence from Iran.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 193 (2023): 122633. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122633. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122633

Tsepapadakis, Michalis, and Damianos Gavalas. “Are You Talking to Me? An Audio Augmented Reality Conversational Guide for Cultural Heritage.” Pervasive and Mobile Computing 92 (2023): 101797. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2023.101797. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2023.101797

Tussyadiah, Iis. “A Review of Research into Automation in Tourism: Launching the Annals of Tourism Research Curated Collection on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Tourism.” Annals of Tourism Research 81, no. December 2018 (2020): 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102883. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102883

Upham, Paul, Benjamin Sovacool, and Chukwuka Monyei. “Digital Bricolage: Infrastructuring Lower Carbon Digital Space via Nordic Datacentre Development.” Political Geography 96 (2022): 102617. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102617

Wahyudi, Tri. “Studi Kasus Pengembangan Dan Penggunaan Artificial Intelligence ( AI ) Sebagai Penunjang Kegiatan Masyarakat Indonesia.” Indonesian Journal on Software Engineering 9, no. 1 (2023): 28–32. https://doi.org/10.31294/ijse.v9i1.15631.

Wedel, Michel, Enrique Bigné, and Jie Zhang. “Virtual and Augmented Reality: Advancing Research in Consumer Marketing.” International Journal of Research in Marketing 37, no. 3 (September 2020): 443–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJRESMAR.2020.04.004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2020.04.004

Xiang, Zheng, Jason Stienmetz, and Daniel R Fesenmaier. “Smart Tourism Design: Launching the Annals of Tourism Research Curated Collection on Designing Tourism Places.” Annals of Tourism Research 86 (2021): 103154. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103154

Xu, Da, Yunfeng Shang, Qin Yang, and Hui Chen. “Population Aging and Eco-Tourism Efficiency: Ways to Promote Green Recovery.” Economic Analysis and Policy 79 (September 2023): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.05.021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.05.021

Yogaswara, Reza. “Artificial Intelligence Sebagai Penggerak Industri 4.0 Dan Tantangannya Bagi Sektor Pemerintah Dan Swasta.” Masyarakat Telematika Dan Informasi : Jurnal Penelitian Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi 10, no. 1 (2019): 72. https://doi.org/10.17933/mti.v10i1.144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17933/mti.v10i1.144

Yun, Tao. “Review of Science and Technology Innovation Policies in Major Innovative-Oriented Countries in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Biosafety and Health 5, no. 1 (2023): 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsheal.2022.12.001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsheal.2022.12.001

Zhang, Ke, and Ayse Begum Aslan. “AI Technologies for Education: Recent Research & Future Directions.” Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence 2 (2021): 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100025

Zhao, Xue, Chengyuan Xie, Lu Huang, Yaru Wang, and Tongyun Han. “How Digitalization Promotes the Sustainable Integration of Culture and Tourism for Economic Recovery.” Economic Analysis and Policy 77 (2023): 988–1000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.01.005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.01.005