Integrated historical and religious tourism model of Syech Quro's tomb complex in Karawang Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia

: The background of this research is Karawang Regency has various tourism potentials, one of which is historical and religious tourism of Syech Quro's Tomb. One of the important phenomena of the existence of Sheikh Quro's Tomb is the relatively high number of visits, even during the pandemic there were still many tourists visiting and it has increased again after the pandemic. The purpose of the research is to build an integrated historical and religious tourism model at the Syech Quro Tomb Complex in Karawang Regency, West Java Province. The research method used to build the model uses a Participatory prospective analysis which begins by selecting and taking the driving factors and determinants with judgment from experts. The results of this study place agro-tourism development factors as determining factors or driving the success of the integrated and reorganized religious tourism model, institutional strengthening programs, inter-agency relations, local community involvement, incentive funding, and culinary tourism as driving factors for the success of this model. This model is a powerful intervention on ongoing factors. This intervention was carried out in an integrated manner based on the consideration of the need to make integrated tourism at the Syech Quro Tomb Complex a model that must consider economic, social, and ecological sustainability and all village communities support this integrated tour because the benefits can be felt by all surrounding village communities.


A. Introduction
Tourism is one of the fastest-growing sectors in the global economy. The 2020 World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) report shows that globally, in 2019 the tourism sector contributed 10.3% (US$ 8.9 trillion) of the global Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 330 million jobs, or around 10% of all global employment (WTTC, 2020). Most developing countries have identified tourism growth as a tool for economic development and poverty alleviation. The tourism industry has emerged as a key force for sustainable socio-economic development globally. The idea behind sustainable tourism is for tourists to visit tourist sites without harm and vice versa to have a constructive impact on the natural environment, society, and the country's economy (Adikampana, 2017).
The large role of tourism has an impact on tourism development and makes choices for countries and cities. Tourism also has a role to play in enhancing human development through income and job creation. Tourism makes a significant contribution in many countries to the balance of payments, poverty alleviation, foreign exchange creation, creation of markets for native commodities, promotion of the hotel industry, and stimulation of the development of the transportation sector (Sarpong et al., 2020). The same thing also happens with the tourism potential of Karawang Regency, both geographically and socio-culturally. Karawang Regency consists of 30 districts and 309 villages. Data for 2019 shows that this number consists of 237 independent villages, 71 self-help villages, and 1 self-sufficient village (BPS Karawang, 2022). Karawang Regency has more than 35 Tourism Destination Areas (DTW), Karawang Regency's tourism potential is spread throughout the region consisting of cultural, historical, water, natural, religious, and culinary tourism (BPS Karawang, 2022).
One of the most visited tourist destinations in Karawang Regency is the Historical and Religious Tourism of Syech Quro's Tomb. Based on the Regional Regulation (Perda) of Karawang Regency No. 3 of 2016 concerning the 2016-2026 Regional Tourism Development Master Plan, Syekh Quro's Tomb is one of the priorities for the development of a religious tourist attraction in Karawang Regency. The Tomb of Sheikh Quro is one of the tourist destinations for pilgrims in Indonesia both as the main destination and because of its strategic location so that it becomes part of a series of visits made by pilgrims who come from both Sumatra and Banten, on their way to the Tombs of other Walis in the region. Central Java and East Java (Dinas Pariwisata Kebudayaan Kabupaten Karawang, 2022).
One of the important phenomena of the existence of Sheikh Quro's Tomb is the relatively high number of visits, even during the pandemic there were still many tourists visiting and it has increased again after the pandemic. The Central Bureau of Statistics for Karawang Regency (2022) recorded the average number of visits to Sheikh Quro's Tomb which was categorized as artificial tourism, ranking the second highest for pilgrimage tourism in Karawang Regency (see Table 1). During the prepandemic period, the number of visits to Sheikh Quro's Tomb was recorded as many as 1,798,263 and 1,245,800 people in 2018 and 2019. During the pandemic, people still made visits, there were 146,929 and 151,420 people in 2020 and 2021.
Sheikh Quro's grave is a regional cultural heritage or local heritage (Puspita et al., 2019). The Karawang Regency Government categorizes it as one of the Cultural Heritage in Karawang Regency which must be preserved (Karawang Regency Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2013) and managed by the Regional Government (Karawang Regency Regent Regulation Number 41 of 2018). The high level of visits and the number of tourists has contributed to the income of the local population and the economy of Karawang. This is stated in the 2018 Karawang Regency Government Performance Report. Syekh Quro's grave is a destination developed by the Regional Government of Karawang Regency (RPJMD 2021-2026) as a Religious Tourism Destination (Karawang Regency Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2021). On the other hand, there are still many problems and challenges faced by the Sheikh Quro Tomb Area, including the gap between contributions and challenges from the Sheikh Quro Tomb Area as the background to the need for a Development Model that can empower the potential and superior tourism resources of the Sheikh Quro Tomb Area as well as areas around the Tomb of Sheikh Quro in an integrative manner. This study is given the theme of the Priority Destination Development Model for Integrated Religious Thematic Tourism in the Tomb of Sheikh Quro, Karawang Regency.
This research was conducted to design a development model in the Tomb of Sheikh Quro by utilizing other tourist destinations around the area in an integrative manner. The approach taken to create a development model in this study is using participatory analysis. The participatory analysis used by researchers is in the form of a top-down research method where at this stage of the study the researchers try to provide encouragement and to support the community in carrying out various structured tourism activities in the Sheikh Quro Tomb Area. This method also has the opportunity to create commitment in the development model by highlighting from the social, economic, and political aspects all that is done in an effort to meet the needs of the people living around the area.
The purpose of this study was to develop a Priority Destination Development Model for Integrated Religious Thematic Tourism in the Tomb of Syekh Quro, Karawang Regency. While the benefit is that the results of the Study of Priority Destination Development Models for Integrated Religious Thematic Tourism in the Tomb of Sheikh Quro are expected to be useful and can assist the Regional Government of Karawang Regency in implementing the model of Development of Priority Destinations Integrated Religious Thematic Tourism in the Tomb of Sheikh Quro, Karawang Regency in a gradual, systematic and directed manner. In this regard, it also includes formulating policies and strengthening facilities and infrastructure that support the Integrated Thematic Religious Tourism Model for the Syekh Quro Tomb Area in a synergistic and integrative manner with other related agencies and regions.

B. Methods
This study a qualitative approach with a survey research design. The formulation of the Integrated Historical and Religious Tourism Model of the Syech Quro Tomb Complex was carried out using prospective analysis. The prospective analysis is a study of future possibilities so that it can be used to prepare strategic actions and see future changes (Godet, 2000). The population in this study were Civil Servants in Karawang Regency, with a sample of experts from the Regional Development Planning Board of Karawang Regency and the Tourism Office of Karawang Regency. Problem formulation, system identification, and conceptual model design of various problems and conflicts of interest in the application of management systems need to be studied systematically and traced their interrelationships to obtain a pattern of interrelationships from the measurable variables that reflect causal relationships (Char et al., 2020) (Char et al., 2020). These variables are positioned as input variables that reflect the inputs that affect the system and output variables that reflect the output or product of the BPM system in the form of a causal circle diagram.
Sources of data collected by the key persons /experts. The determination of these key factors was proposed by experts through participatory multiple expert meetings, then discussed and selected based on a mutual agreement to determine the strategic goals and interests of the main actors. The stages in conducting a prospective analysis based on Godet (2000) and Hardjomidjojo (2002) are as follows: 1) Defining the scope of the system, the system scope needs to be clearly defined; 2) Determine the key factors in the future of the studied system, at this stage, all important factors are identified using key factor criteria, analyzing the influence and dependence of all key factors by looking at the mutual influence using a matrix, and describing the influence and dependence of each factor into the four main quadrants; 3) Determine the strategic goals and interests of the main actors; 4) Define and describe possible future changes, at this stage identification of how factors can change by determining the state of each factor, examining which changes can occur simultaneously, and describing scenarios by pairing changes that will occur by discussing scenarios and their implications for the system. For each of the implications of these scenarios, further discussion is carried out on the problems to be solved, and policy options for system improvement are determined. To see the direct effect between factors in the system studied in the early stages of prospective analysis, a matrix is used.
Determination of key factors is carried out using prospective analysis software that will show the level of influence and dependence between factors in the system (Perez-Hernández et al., 2014). Guidelines for assessing by giving a score of the value of the influence and dependence between factors. The lowest score is 0 if there is no influence, the score is 1 if the effect is small, the score is 2 if the effect is moderate, and the highest score 3 is given if the effect is very strong. Fill in the expert weighting of the factors given in a matrix. Stakeholders are directly involved in determining the direct influence between factors by filling in a score of 0-3 in the matrix as shown in Table 2.  (2004) Description: A-J = Important factors in the system The combined matrix results from experts were processed with prospective analysis software. The calculation results are visualized in a diagram of the level of influence and dependence between factors in the system, as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Level of Influence and Dependence between Factors in the System
According to Bourgeois and Jesus (2004), the quadrants in the diagram have different factor characteristics, namely 1) the first quadrant (driving variables). This quadrant contains factors that have a strong influence but a less strong dependency. Factors in this quadrant are driving variables that are included in the category of the strongest factors in the system; 2) quadrant two (leverage variables). The factors in this quadrant indicate that these factors have a strong influence and strong dependence between factors (leverage variables), some of the factors in this quadrant are considered strong attributes; 3) quadrant three (output variables). Factors in this quadrant represent output variables, namely the effect is small but the dependency is high; and 4) quadrant four (marginal variables). Factors in quadrant four will find marginal factors (marginal variables) which have a small influence and low dependency. This factor is independent in the system, so the model is formed based on the workflow: 1) Create a state (state) of a factor; 2) Build and select scenarios, the scenario must contain all factors, but for each factor, it must contain one state and not include pairs of states that are mutually incompatible; 3) Analyzing scenarios and developing strategies, strategy formulation is based on achieving the desired scenario or avoiding scenarios that harm the system; 4) Build the best model based on the selected scenario assuming the ease of implementation in the field and the availability of supporting resources.
Each need factor is mapped in a matrix of direct influence between factors. Mapping matrices of direct influence between factors will be analyzed using prospective analysis software to obtain the influence and dependency quadrants which indicate the characteristics of the factors. An assessment of the direct influence between factors was obtained from filling out the matrix by experts from the Bappeda of Karawang Regency. In-depth interviews and FGDs were conducted to get an ideal picture of the success factors of the model. In-depth interviews and FGDs of the parties were conducted to provide an assessment of the relationship between existing factors.
The location of Syech Quro's tomb is located in Karawang on Pulokalapa Village, Lemahabang District, Karawang Regency, the location of the tomb can be seen in Figure 2.

C. Result and Discussion
The process of a prospective analysis of driving factors is sorted based on priority scale and successive interests, namely institutional reorganization, institutional strengthening, inter-institutional relations, involvement of local communities as partners, incentive funding, culinary tourism, agro-tourism, and Homestay Development which can be seen in Table 3.

Figure 2 Research Location Map
In principle, the factors included are factors that encourage collaboration between institutions to develop integrated historical and religious tourism at the Syech Quro Tomb complex in Karawang Regency, West Java Province.
The relationship between factors that do not have a direct influence is given a value of 0. Score 1 if the influence is small, 2 if it has moderate influence, and 3 if it has a very strong influence. The matrix of direct influence between factors can be seen in Table 4.   Note. 0 means there is no direct effect; 1 means little effect; 2 means moderate effect; 3 means very strong influence Table 4 and Table 5 matrix of direct influence between factors processed with prospective analysis software, the results of the level of influence and dependence between factors in the system according to the factor quadrant Bourgeois and Jesus (2004) are depicted in Figure 3.

Figure 3 Level of Importance of Factors Influencing the System Under Study
The first square is a factor that has a strong influence and a less strong dependence, namely the agrotourism factor (0.65 and 0.56). Factors in this first quadrant are determinants or drivers, this proves that the formulation of an integrated tourism model for the Syech Quro burial complex is very important considering the factor of agrotourism development as a driving force for the success of this model.
The second quadrant is a factor that has a strong influence and a strong dependence between factors. Factors in the second quadrant are strong driving factors. Factors included in this square are reorganization (1.33 and 1.29), institutional strengthening programs (1.49 and 1.39), inter-agency relations (1.20 and 1.20), community involvement local (1.29 and 1.38), incentive funding (1.29 and 1.24), and culinary tourism (1.24 and 1.02). These factors are supporting factors driving factors in the success of this model. Factors in quadrant four will find marginal factors (marginal variables) which have a small influence and low dependency. This factor is independent in the system, in this model homestay development (0.09 and 0.14).
This integrated religious tourism model is developed using future projection scenarios, where the model is developed based on alternative conditions of the model's success factors (quadrants I and II). The success factor of the model is determined by the driving factors combined with the leverage factors in future scenarios. Output factors (Quadrant II) and Marginal Factors (quadrant IV) which are independent in which quadrant IV which is independent with small influence and also small dependency are formulated in the model scenario. The Prospective analysis places the development of agrotourism as a determining factor or driver of the success of the integrated religious tourism model and is reorganization, institutional strengthening programs, inter-agency relations, local community involvement, incentive funding, and culinary tourism as driving factors for the success of the model.

Determinants and Drivers Approach
Based on the results of the prospective analysis, the factor of agro-tourism development is a determining factor or driver of the success of the integrated religious tourism model of the Syech Quro Mausoleum complex, and reorganization programs, institutional strengthening programs, inter-agency relations, local community involvement, incentive funding, and culinary tourism as driving factors. model success.
Agrotourism Development Factors. The driving factors for the success of the model are future trends in Indonesian tourism (Ariyani & Fauzi, 2023), where the trend of tourism development is integrated with several other tours in one area so that the beneficiaries of the tourism area are not only tourism administrators or tourism managers but also the surrounding community.
Reorganization factors, institutional strengthening programs, inter-agency relations, local community involvement, incentive funding, and culinary tours (Grünewald et al., 2010) is a driving factor for the success of the integrated religious tourism model of the Syech Quro Tomb complex in Karawang Regency. It takes a reorganization of the tourism manager at the Sych Quro Cemetery Complex at this time to go towards sustainability, increasing the capacity of existing institutions, increasing relations between institutions, increasing the involvement of the company and the surrounding community to help and support each other. Incentive funding for villages that have supported a favorable atmosphere and community roles that support tourism are integrated and actively engaged in all activities, including culinary tourism.
The homestay development factor in this integrated religious tourism model is an independent factor which can add to the sustainability of the developed model.

Integrated Future Scenarios
Preparation of an integrated tourism model scenario (McCabe et al., 2012) is needed for developing Syech Quro's Tomb in the future. The success factor of the model is formulated in three conditions, namely: 1) Condition 1 is a condition in which the key factors operate without the intervention of other parties; 2) Condition 2 is a condition where the key factors operate with limited intervention and are not carried out at the site level; 3) Condition 3, is a condition where the key factors run in an integrated and optimal manner. Integration in condition 3 is based on developing conditions involving the pentahelix: Government, Entrepreneurs/ Business Actors, Media, Academics, and Society.
Developing an integrated religious tourism model scenario for Syech Quro's Tomb begins with institutions, partnerships, and other tourist destinations. The order of these key factors is based on the selected operational scenario. Operational success factors and driving models in future scenarios can be seen through wellmanaged institutions, ensuring the economic and social sustainability of the community. Factors in conditions 1, 2, and 3 are carried out to show conditions in future scenarios (See Table 6).
The business as usual model, this model shows no intervention in key factors. This model uses a combination of factors 1A-2A-3A-4A-5A-6A-7A-8A. The current Syech Quro Tomb Complex Tourism Model, this model shows that there is intervention from partner involvement on ongoing factors, but partner involvement is not optimal and not integrated. This model uses a combination of factors 1B-2B-3B-4B-5B-6B-7B-8B. The integrated tourism model of the Syech Quro Tomb Complex, this model has a strong intervention in the ongoing factors. This intervention is carried out in an integrated and integrated manner based on consideration of the need to make integrated tourism at the Syech Quro Tomb Complex a model that must consider economic, social, and ecological sustainability and all village communities support this integrated tourism because the benefits can be felt by all village communities those around it. Apart from being given education about hospitality, the community is also given sustainable community empowerment with a revolving fund system to make superior products as memories that tourists will take home so that the benefits of the funds can be felt by the whole community. This village with an integrated tourism model is a village located in the vicinity of Syech Quro's tomb and has beautiful nature with an agricultural system, and culture that can be used as a tourist attraction, culinary tour, and homestay where tourists who will make pilgrimages to Syech Quro's tomb live. This model uses a combination of factors 1C-2C-3C-4C-5C-6C-7C-8C.
The best scenario for realizing the integrated religious tourism model of the Syech Quro Tomb Complex is using the Pentahelix involvement scenario (Putra, 2019). This scenario requires maximum support from the District and Village governments, as well as the parties involved in the development of this integrated tourism. Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out, the scenario with the integration of the government with the private sector, the community, academia, and the media is believed to be able to make integrated religious tourism sustainable and able to maintain ecosystem integrity, and social and economic sustainability of the community.

Integrated Tourism Operational Scenario of Syech Quro's Tomb
The integrated tourism operational scenario of the Syech Quro Mausoleum must be able to be studied based on operational explanations in a review of sustainable social and economic aspects, and sustainable funding. Operational explanations in the review of sustainable social and economic aspects are explanations for reorganization factors, institutional strengthening, incentive funding, and factors for involving partners and local communities. The operational explanation in reviewing aspects of tourist destinations is for culinary tourism, homestays, and agrotourism.

Sustainable Socio-Economic Aspects Integrated Religious Tourism Scenario of Sustainable Syech Quro Tomb in Karawang Regency
The operational explanation for the development of integrated religious tourism at Syech Quro's Tomb in Karawang Regency in a review of sustainable social and economic aspects is that it starts with a reorganization at the village level which must be coordinated with the Karawang Regency Government by re-organizing it down to the village level; for institutional strengthening programs, the Tourism Office at the district level must coordinate with multi-stakeholders by providing capacity building according to the needs of integrated tourism managers; for community involvement that enters the village-level structure, it must be coordinated with the district Tourism Office, so that this community involvement can truly spearhead the success of this model, because the people around Syech Quro's Tomb benefit from tourism with this integrated model.
Based on the results of multi-stakeholder discussions and interviews, the tourism scenario integrates reorganization, institutional strengthening, and community involvement can be carried out through three activities, namely: 1) Reorganization, and reorganization of the existing religious tourism manager of Syech Quro's Tomb in coordination with the Karawang Regency Tourism Office; 2) Community capacity building through training and mentoring. Efforts to implement the proposed model in the integrated tourism development of the Syech Quro Mausoleum in Karawang Regency, increase the capacity of the people involved in the management and also the people in the village who are involved in other tourism in this model must be provided with assistance for community empowerment and being able to run business tourism following the principles of sustainable tourism; 3) Institutional development in the economic sector, both for agrotourism, culinary tourism, and homestay development. It is necessary to project the financing of economic development needs through sustainable community empowerment involving companies, NGOs, and academics.

Development Aspects of Sustainable Religious Tourism Destinations Integrated Religious Tourism Scenario of the Sustainable Syech Quro Tomb Complex in Karawang Regency
The operational explanation for the development of integrated religious tourism at Syech Quro's Tomb in Karawang Regency in the review of the Sustainable Destination Development aspect is that it starts with a reorganization at the village level which must be coordinated with the Karawang Regency Government by reorganizing it down to the village level; for institutional strengthening programs, the Tourism Office at the district level must coordinate with multi-stakeholders by providing capacity building according to the needs of integrated tourism managers; for community involvement that enters the village-level structure, it must be coordinated with the district Tourism Office, so that this community involvement can truly be the spearhead of the success of this model, because the people who are around the Syech Quro Tomb Complex benefit from tourism with this integrated model.
Religious tourism is related to the religion, history, customs, culture, and beliefs of the people in the community (Chianeh et al., 2018). This is also related to local economic development, a participatory process that encourages and provides a way for local parties to increase their competitiveness, which aims to open decent jobs and create sustainable economic activities. This must be done for the community around the Syech Quro Tomb Complex so that this model can be implemented.
Based on the results of multi-stakeholder discussions and interviews, the scenario of religious tourism integrated with the factors of Agrotourism Development, Culinary Tourism, and Homestay Development can be carried out through three activities, namely: 1) Development of Agro-tourism, the manager of religious tourism at Syech Quro's Tomb is currently coordinating with the Karawang Regency Tourism Office, tourism actors, and the community, to develop agrotourism around the Syech Quro tomb complex, so that religious and historical tourism to Syech Quro's Tomb can be visited by children -school children around or outside Karawang Regency apart from mosque worshipers who have taken religious tours to Syech Quro's grave; 2) Development of Culinary Tourism through training and assistance to support religious and historical tourism at Syech Quro's Tomb. Efforts to implement the proposed model in the development of integrated religious tourism of the Syech Quro Mausoleum in Karawang Regency, increase the capacity of the people involved in the management and also the people in the village who are involved in other tourism in this model must be provided with assistance for community empowerment and can carry out Culinary tourism business following the rules of sustainable tourism; 3) Development of Homestays to support Religious and Historical Tourism Complexes. Based on discussions with the management, many religious and historical tourism visitors to Syech Quro's Tomb stayed at the mosque for several days. To support this and develop the community's economy by involving the community around the grave complex by developing homestays with the concept that there are community houses that have more than one room and one room can be used as a guest room.

Aspects of Effective Management and Sustainable Funding Integrated Religious Tourism Scenario of the Sustainable Syech Quro Tomb Complex in Karawang Regency
Operational explanation of aspects of effective management and sustainable funding arises from the use of inter-agency relations, partnership involvement, and incentive funding. To carry out the scenario above, sustainable funding is needed, in this case, the Village Government must coordinate and cooperate with parties, both NGOs, academics, and companies so that effective management efforts are achieved and related and sustainable, and sustainable funding with a revolving funding mechanism as well as for needs social community so that the beneficiaries are not only certain groups but the entire village community.

Model Validation of Integrated Tourism Development of Syech Quro's Tomb in Karawang Regency
The model has been validated through a focus group discussion which was attended by Bappeda Karawang Regency, Tourism Office, and Karawang Regency Government. The integrated religious tourism development model of Syech Quro's Tomb in Karawang Regency can be the first model in Indonesia with a government policy approach combining religious and historical tourism, agrotourism, culinary tourism, and homestay accommodation where parties and experts are directly involved with the community for integrated tourism development This. Based on the model that has been built, the needs of tourists who come to the Tomb of Sheikh Quro are not only for pilgrimages but also to get inner peace and remember history and get blessings and pray for figures who propagated Islam in West Java, this is following the results of Nurahmah's research (2014) that the purpose of people visiting Syech Quro's tomb is for various purposes, such as worship, receiving blessings and remembering about death and the afterlife, pilgrimages to gain inner peace in managing life, increasing belief in religion, increasing an attitude of optimism in facing life and visiting graves.
In addition, a model is needed that integrates the historical and religious tourism of Syehk Quro's Tomb with other tours such as Agrotourism, Culinary Tourism, and the development of homestays so that those who benefit from the existence of Syehk Quro's tomb are not only the management of the Tomb, the people closest to the location but the community the village is widely located around the village. This is following the research of Puspita et al., (2019) that the Sheikh Quro pilgrimage tour has had a positive impact on the people of Pulobata Village. This positive impact can be seen in the aspects of material well-being, social well-being, emotional well-being, and health and safety well-being.

D. Conclusion
The development of an integrated historical and religious tourism model for Syech Quro's Tomb in Karawang Regency is based on the consideration of the need to make integrated tourism at the Syech Quro Tomb Complex a model that must consider economic, social, and ecological sustainability, and all village communities support this integrated tourism because the benefits can be felt by all village communities in the vicinity. The community is given education about hospitality, are also given sustainable community empowerment with a revolving fund system to make superior products as memories that tourists will take home so that the benefits of the funds can be felt by the whole community. This village with an integrated tourism model is a village in the vicinity of Syech Quro's tomb and has beautiful nature with an agricultural system, cultures that can be used as a tourist attraction, culinary tour, and homestay where tourists who will make a pilgrimage to Syech Quro's tomb live. This model has been validated through focus group discussions and could be the first approach in Indonesia for integrated tourism development with government policy engagement.