Bom Bunuh Diri: Antara Jihad dan Teror
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v5i1.650Keywords:
suicide bombings, jihad, terror and maÅŸlahatAbstract
Policy of western countries, especially the United States against some Muslim countries in the Middle East region led to a backlash and generate assistance in various ways. One way or form of resistance which is by suicide bombing. Even this kind of action does not only happened in the region or the state which is being colonized or war zone, but also often happened in a peaceful country like Indonesia. This paper attempt to uncover the law suicide bombing in perspective of Islamic law by classifying into two, the first suicide bombing as a jihad and second, suicide bombings as terror. This article tries to answer the questions when suicide bombing can be categorized as jihad? What are the conditions or requirements? And when its categorized as terror? The answer in this paper derived from qualitative research. This research is library research toward source texts of Islam, including the fatwas and opinions of ulama, especially contemporary ulama. Author using a theory of maÅŸlahah which is the purpose of shari'a (maqashid al-syariah) as basis for reviewing the legal and categorized of suicide bombing. When a suicide bombing itself include maÅŸlahah by meeting various condition or requirements, then it is categorized as jihad. However, when its performed in peaceful area causes damage that reduces maÅŸlahah, suicide bombing is categorized as terror.References
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Al-Syâtibî, Abu Ishaq. al-MuwafaqÄt, Fi UÅŸÅ«l Al-Syariat. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyah, 2003.
Robert Dreyfuss. Orchesta Iblis; 60 tahun Amerika-Religious Extremist, (alih bahasa Asyhabudin & Team SR-Ins Publishing). Yogyakarta: SR-Ins Publishing, 2007.
Ahadu Thalabatul 'Ilmi. BÅ«hÅ«ts Li Ba'di al-NawÄzil al-Fiqhiyah al-Mu'ÄÅŸirah. Digital Library, Maktabah SyÄmilah al-IÅŸdÄr al-ÅšÄni, 2005.
Al-Indunisi. Ahmad Nahrawi Abdus Salam. Ensiklopedia Imam Syafi'i. Jakarta: Jakarta Islamic Centre, 2008.
Al-'Athar. Hasyiyah al-'AththÄr 'Ala Syarh al-JalÄl al-MahallÄ«y 'AlÄ Jm'i al-JawÄmi'. Digital Library, Maktabah SyÄmilah al-IÅŸdÄr al-ÅšÄni, 2005.
Al-Ghazali. al-MustaÅŸfa min ‘Ilmi al-UÅŸÅ«l. Digital Library, Maktabah SyÄmilah al-IÅŸdÄr al-ÅšÄni, 2005.
Anonim. al-MantsÅ«r fi al-QawÄid. Digital Library, Maktabah Syamilah al-IÅŸdar al-Tsani, 2005.
Anonim. Ghamzu 'Uyun al-BaÅŸÄir fi al-Syarh al-AÅŸbah wa al-NazhÄir. Digital Library, Maktabah SyÄmilah al-IÅŸdÄr al-ÅšÄni, 2005.
Edward S. Herman. The Real Teror Network: Terorisme in Fact in Propaganda. Boston: South End Press, 1982.
Fathud Dâiniy. KhÄÅŸÄiÅŸ al-TasyrÄ«' al-IslÄmÄ«y fi al-SiyÄsah wa al-Hukmi. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah, 1978.
Haitam Abdul Salam Muhammad, MafhÅ«mul IrhÄb fil Syari'ah al-IslÄmiyah, (Beirut: Dârul Kutub al-'Ilmiyah, 2005).
Hamid bin Abdillah, Hukmu al-'AmaliyÄt al-IstisyhÄdiyah, dimuat di http://mojahedoon.org/ news/ showTopic .php? topicid=663. Diunduh 15 Mei 2006.
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ konten Serangan bunuh diri, diakses 28 Juni 2010.
Al-Bukhariy. Åžohih al-BukhÄrÄ«y. Digital Library, Maktabah SyÄmilah al-IÅŸdÄr al-ÅšÄni, 2005.
Imam Mustofa, Membangun Paradigma Jihad Kontkstual, Radar Lampung, Sabtu 23 Januari 2010.
Juhaya S. Praja. Islam Globalisasi & Kontra Terorisme (Islam Pasca Tragedi 911). Bandung: Kaki Langit, 2003.
Loudewijk F. Paulus. Terorisme. Buletin Balitbang Dephan. htm.www.Dephan.com 2003. Diunduh Diunduh 15 Mei 2006.
Mark Juergensmeyer. Terorisme Para Pembela Agama (alih bahasa Amien Rozane Pane). Jogjakarta: Tawang Press, 2003.
MB. Hooker. Islam Madzhab Indonesia: Fatwa-Fatwa dan Perubahan Sosial. Jakarta Selatan: Teraju, 2003.
Millah Jurnal Studi Agama, diterbitkan oleh Magister Studi Islam Universitas Islam Indonesia. Vol. VI, No. 1 Agustus 2006,
Muhammad Abdullah Ibn 'Araby. Ahkam al-Quran, (Mesir: Dar al-Ihya' al-Kutub al-'Arabiyyah, 1974.
Muhammad Abror. Akhlak terhadap Non Muslim, http://ayo-tarbiyah. blogspot.com/2009/11/akhlak-terhadap-non-muslim.html. diunduh 29 Juni 2010.
Al-Qurthubî Muhammad bin Ahmad Abu Bakar bin Farah Abu Abdullah, al-JÄmi' li AhkÄm al-QurÄn. Digital Library, Maktabah SyÄmilah al-IÅŸdÄr al-ÅšÄni, 2005.
Muhammad Iqbal. Rekonstruksi Pemikiran Agama dalam Islam. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra, 2002.
Mushthafa al-Zarqa, Syarh al-QawÄ'id al-Fiqhiyyah, (Digital Library, Maktabah SyÄmilah al-IÅŸdÄr al-ÅšÄni, 2005.
Muslim. Kumpulan Fatwa Ulama tentang Bom Bunuh Diri, 2009, http://answering.wordpress.com/2009/07/18/diunduh pada 4 Juni 2009.
Al-Tikrury, Nawaf Hayl. al-'AmaliyÄt al-IstisyhÄdiyah fi al-MÄ«zÄn al-Fiqhy. Damaskus: Dâr al-Fikr, 1997.
Rohadi Abd. Fatah. Analisa Fatwa Keagamaan dalam Fikih Islam. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 1991.
Shalih bin Ghanim al-Sadlan. al-QawÄid al-Fiqhiyyah al-Kubra wama Tafara'a 'anha. Riyadh: Daru Balansiyah, 1996.
Sunardi dan Abdul Wahid. Kejahatan Terorisme Perspektif Agama, HAM dan Hukum. Bandung: PT Refika Aditama, 2004.
Syaikh Muhammad bin 'Utsaimin. Silsilatul Liqa'Ät al-BÄb al-MaftÅ«h. Digital Library, Maktabah SyÄmilah al-IÅŸdÄr al-ÅšÄni, 2005.
Syaikh Sholih bin Fauzan al-Fauzan. al- FatÄwa al-Muhimmah, On Line Digital Library http://www.nos7.com/vb/showthread.php?t=3975, diakses 28 Juni 2010.
Al-Zuhalî Wahbah. al-Fiqh al-IslÄmÄ«y wa Adillatuhu. Suriyah: Dar al-Fikr, 2005.
Whittaker. Terorisme: Understanding Global Threat. New York: Longman London, 2000.
Yusuf Qaradhawi. Fiqih Jihad. (Alih bahasa Irfan Maulana Hakim, et.all.). Bandung: PT Mizan Pustaka, 2010.
Zuhairi Misrawi. Islam dan Terorisme. http://www. Islamlib.com., 2002. (diakses tanggal 10 April 2006).
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Mustofa, I. (2011). Bom Bunuh Diri: Antara Jihad dan Teror. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 5(1), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v5i1.650
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