Reformulasi Konsep Najis Ala Ahmad Hassan (1887-1958)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v5i1.645Keywords:
‘ibadat, ‘adat, adah al-hasr, najis, haramAbstract
Ahmad Hassan (1887-1958), prominent figure of Persatuan Islam (Persis) who had critical views on Islamic law, offered a conceptual defiling stilth or najis in the context of ablution in Islamic law. In his view there were three kinds of najis: (i) najis as impurity that must be cleaned before praying (salat); (ii) najis as impurity that was forbidden to eat; and (iii) najis as impurity that contained in heart (qalb). These three kinds of najis, according to Hassan, were absolutely based on the rules in Qur`an and Sunnah of the Prophet. Furthermore we can see many controversial opinions of his views in detail rules in this field. In the first kind of najis, according to him, there were only five or six sorts of impurity that were all human substances, they are feces, urine, blood of menstruation, blood of childbirth, mazi, and wadi. These sorts of impurity purely based on the traditions of the Prophet and other legal reasoning. No other impurity or najis need to be cleanned before praying (salat) excepts those five sorts. So, some sorts of impurity like (spittle of) dog, pig, and animal manure, according to his view were not najis that have to be cleanned before praying. In the second kind of najis, according to Hassan forbidden foodstuffs were only forbidden foodstuffs mentioned in Qur`an. There was no forbidden foodstuff outside the Qur`an. In the third kind of najis, according to him, there was metaphor impurity that was in the hearts of unbelievers. The first and second concept of impurity or najis above are important to be studied furthermore.Downloads
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References
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Abdurrahman, K.H. E. Menempatkan Hukum Islam Agama. Bandung: Sinar Baru, 1990.
Abu Ishaq, Ibrahim ibn ‘Ali ibn Yusuf al-Shirazi. Al-Muhadzdzab fi Fiqh al-Imam al-Shafi’i. Beirut: Dar- Fikr, t.t.
Ash-Shiddieqy, T. M Hasbi. Kuliah Ibadah: Ibadah Ditinjau dari Segi Hukum dan Hikmahnya. Jakrta: Bulan Bintang, 1991.
Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd, Bidayah al-Mujtahid wa Nihayah al-Muqtasid (Ttp.: Shirkah al-Nur Asia, t.t.) I: 55.
Al-Baghdadi, Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali ibn ‘Umar ibn Ahmad ibn Mahdi ibn Mas’ud ibn Nu’man ibn Dinar. Sunan al-Daruqutni, 4 jilid. Ttp.: Mawqi’ Wizarah al-Misriyyah, t.t.
Federspiel, Howard M. Persatuan Islam: Pembaharuan Islam Indonesia Abad XX, terj. Yudian W. Asmin dan Afandi Mochtar. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 1996.
Hassan, A. Pengajaran Shalat. Bangil: Percetakan Persatuan, 1982.
--------. Al-Furqan (Tafsir Qur`an). Bangil: Persatuan, t.t.
--------. Tarjamah Bulughul Maram. Surabaya: Pustaka Tamam, 1991.
--------. “Daging Babi tidak Najis,†Soal Jawab, I: 37-9.
--------. “Darah Babi Kena Kain,†Soal Jawab, II: 461-2.
--------. “Hukum Membasuh Najis Babi,†Soal Jawab, IV: 1356.
--------. “Hukum Memegang Daging Babi,†Soal Jawab, IV: 1356-8.
--------. “Jilatan Anjing,†Soal Jawab, IV: 1353-6.
--------. “Perihal Najis Babi,†Soal Jawab, I: 39-42.
--------. “Babi Haram Dimakan Tidak Najis,†Soal Jawab I: 37.
--------. “Tiga Macam Najis,†dalam Soal Jawab, II: 459-61.
--------. “Najiskah Minyak Wangi?†dalam Soal Jawab, I: 42-3.
--------. “Pelihara Anjing,†dalam Soal Jawab, III: 1312-9.
--------. “Berobat dengan Arak,†dalam Soal Jawab, I: 333-40.
--------. “Hukum Menangkap dan Menjual Kulit Ular,†dalam Soal Jawab, I: 342-6.
--------. “Mengusap Ubun-Ubun Sesudah Salam â€dalam Soal Jawab, I: 166-70.
--------. “Bahasa dalam Khutbah†dalam Soal Jawab, II: 522-3.
--------. “Bid’ah (Membagi Bid’ah atas Lima Bagian)†dalam Soal Jawab, II: 833-44.
--------. “Masalah Talqinâ€, dalam Soal Jawab, IV: 1439-42.
--------. “Jual dengan Janji Beli Kembali†dalam Soal Jawab, IV: 1521-3.
--------. “al-Fatihah dan wal Ashri†dalam Soal Jawab IV: 1694-9.
--------. “Maiyit Tersiksa Karena Ditangisi†dalam Soal Jawab Masalah Agama, II: 538-43.
--------. “Sahkah Khutbah Jum’ah dengan Bahasa Indonesiaâ€, dalam Soal Jawab, II: 232-4.
--------.â€Shalat Ghaibâ€, dalam Soal Jawab, III: 1055-63.
--------. “Urusan Kuburâ€, dalam Soal Jawab, III: 1080-8.
--------. “Wirid Sesudah Shalat†dalam Soal Jawab, IV: 1388-98.
Hassan, Abdul Qadir. “Najis Kencing atau Tahi Manusia,â€dalam Soal Jawab, III: 902-4.
--------. “Wudlu dengan Air Bekas Cuci Jilatan Anjing,†dalam Soal Jawab, III: 913-5.
Ibn Rushd, Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad. Bidayah al-Mujtahid wa Nihayah al-Muqtasid, 2 juz. Ttp. : Shirkah al-Nur Asia, t.t.
Ma’sum, Moh. “Menjual Anjing,†dalam Soal Jawab, II: 754-62.
Minhaji, Akh. Ahmad Hassan and Islamic Legal Reform in Indonesia (1887-1958). Yogyakarta: Kurnia Kalam Semesta Press, 2001.
Mughni, Syafiq A. Hassan Bandung Pemikir Islam Radikal. Surabaya : PT. Bina Ilmu.
Nawawi al-Jawi, Muhammad. Al-Thimar al-Yani’ah fi al-Riyad al-Badi’ah. Ttp.: Shirkah al-Nur Asia, t.t.
Noer, Deliar. Gerakan Moderen Islam di Indonesia 1900-1942. Jakarta: LP3ES, 1995.
Al-Qardawi, Yusuf. Al-Halal wa al-Haram fi al-Islam. Ttp.: Dar al-Qalam, t.t.
Al-Qurtubi, Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Ansari. Al-Jami’ li Ahkam al-Qur`an, 20 jilid. Beirut: Dar Ihya` al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 1985.
Sabiq, al-Sayyid. Fiqh al-Sunnah, 3 jilid. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-‘Arabi, t.t.
Al-San’ani, Muhammad ibn Isma’il. Subul al-Salam, 4 juz. Semarang: Toha Putra, t.t.
Al-Sharbini, Muhammad al-Khatib. Mughni al-Muhtaj ila Ma’rifah Alfaz al-Minhaj. Beirut: Dar- Fikr, t.t.
Al-Shatibi, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Musa. Al-Muwafaqat fi Usul al-Ahkam, tahqiq: Muhammad Muhy al-Din ‘Abd al-Hamid, 4 juz. Kairo: Muhammad ‘Ali Sabih, wa Awladuh, t.t.
--------. Al-I’tisam, tashih: Ahmad ‘Abd al-Shafi. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, t.t.
Al-Shawkani, Muhammad ibn ‘Ali. Al-Dirari al-Mudiyyah Sharh al-Durar al-Bahiyyah, 2 juz. Beirut: Mu`assasah al-Kutub al-Thaqafiyyah, 1988.
--------. Fath al-Qadir (CD al-Maktabah al-Shamilah).
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How to Cite
Aziz, J. A. (2011). Reformulasi Konsep Najis Ala Ahmad Hassan (1887-1958). Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 5(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v5i1.645
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