The Rise of Syari'a Movements In Contemporary Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v5i2.610Keywords:
Shari’a Regional Regulation, Local Autonomy law (UU no.32/2004), Local Government, formalisation of Shari’a, and democratisationAbstract
Sejak dikeluarkannya UU OTODA (Otonomi Daerah) no. 22/1999 yang kemudian direvisi dengan UU no. 32/2004, kurang lebih ada 52 Pemda (Pemerintah Daerah) yang secara formal menerapkan Perda (Peraturan Daerah) bernuansa Syari’ah. Manifestasi Perda-perda ini sangat beragam mulai dari kewajiban mengenakan jilbab, wajib bisa baca al-Qur’an bagi PNS (Pegawai Negeri Sipil) yang ingin naik pangkat dan pelajar yang akan tes masuk sekolah lanjutan, serta formalisasi perda zakat ala Pemda. Padahal, menurut UU OTODA urusan agama sama sekali bukan urusan Pemda. Pemerintah Pusat tampaknya tak peduli kalau tidak dikatakan ‘powerless’ atas fenomena formalisasi keagamaan ini. Secara teoritis, menjamurnya Perda Syari’ah ini bisa dianulir dengan mudah oleh Kementerian Dalam Negeri karena bertentangan dengan hirarki UU yang lebih tinggi (UU no.32/2004). Paper ini menganalisa situasi kontemporer, tantangan baru bagi proses demokrasi, dan memprediksi masa depan potret masyarakat Muslim Indonesia. Ada dua isu utama yang akan dibahas di sini: a) argumentasi baik yang pro maupun kontra atas penerapan Perda Syariah ini. b) tantangan baru bagi proses demokratisasi di Indonesia di mana mayoritas penduduk Muslim terbesar di Dunia. Sebagian berpendapat penerapan Perda Syari’a bisa saja menjadi ‘bom waktu’ yang dapat mengancam demokratisasi dan keanekaragaman masyarakat Indonesia. Selanjutnya, saya akan menganalisa asumsi ini dengan mengadaptasi temuan riset PPIM (Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Masyarakat) dan LSI (Lembaga Survei Indonesia) terkait dengan respon publik terhadap isu pluralisme, toleransi, dan Perda Syari’ah.Downloads
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References
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Ula, Mutamimul., ‘Peluang dan Tantangan Penerapan Syari’at’, Jurnal Politik Akses, vol. 1, no. 1. 2001.
Dahl, Robert A., A Preface to Democratic Theory, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956.
____________., Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition, New Heaven: Yale University Press, 1971.
Esposito, John L., The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World (vol. 2), New York-Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Indrayana, Denny., ‘Ada Unsur Melecehkan al-Qur’an dan Hadits’, in Depancasilaisasi Lewat Perda SI, the Wahid Insititute, ed. 24/xii 29 Apr. 2006.
Jamhari and Jajat Burhanudin, Assessment of Social and Political Attitudes in Indonesian Schools: Madrasah and Pesantren Directors and Students, Jakarta: PPIM UIN Jakarta, 2006.
Liddle, R. William., ‘New Patterns of Islamic Politics in Democratic Indonesia’, in Piety and Pragmatism: Trends in Indonesia Islamic Politics, Washington: Woodrow Wilson International Center, Asia Special Report No. 10, 2003.
Mujani, Saiful., ‘Mengkonsolidasikan Demokrasi Indonesia’, a paper presented at national conference on Refleksi Sewindu Reformasi, LSI, 2006.
Nordholt, Henk Schulte ‘Decentralisation in Indonesia: Less State, More Democracy?, in Politising Democracy: the New Local Politics of Democratisastion, ed. John Harriss, Kristian Stokke, and Olle Tornquist, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
Salim, Arskal. and Azyumardi Azra., Sharia and Politics in Modern Indonesia, Singapore: ISEAS, 2003.
Salim, Arskal., ‘Muslim Politics in Indonesia’s Democratisation: the Religious Majority and the Rights of Minorities in the Post New-Order Era’, in Indonesia Democracy and the Promise of Good Governance, ed. Ross H. Mc Leod and Andrew Mac Intyre, Singapore: ISEAS, 2007.
Suaedy, Ahmad., ‘Perda Bernuansa Agama dan Masa Depan Demokrasi Indonesia, Sebuah Sketsa’, The Wahid Institute, 15 August 2008, this working paper was presented in Asia Calling Forum, Islam dan Demokrasi di Asia Selatan, Jakarta, 13-15 Aug. 2008. available at http://www.wahidinstitute.org/Program/Detail/?id=15/perda-bernuansa-agama-dan-masa-depan-demokrasi-indonesia-sebuah-sketsa (accessed in 22 Dec. 2008).
Sullivan, John L. James Pierson, and George E. Marcus, Political Tolerance and American Democracy, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.
Suryadinata, Leo., Indonesia’s Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape, Singapore: ISEAS, 2003.
Ula, Mutamimul., ‘Peluang dan Tantangan Penerapan Syari’at’, Jurnal Politik Akses, vol. 1, no. 1. 2001.
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How to Cite
Marom, A. A. (2011). The Rise of Syari’a Movements In Contemporary Indonesia. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 5(2), 153–166. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v5i2.610
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