Implementasi Nilai Keadilan dalam Kajian Hukum Islam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v5i2.609Keywords:
Islam, kemanusiaan universal, keadilan, kebebasan, persamaanAbstract
Keadilan sebagai bagian dari hukum kosmis, yaitu hukum keseimbangan yang menjadi hukum jagad raya atau universe. Keadilan adalah persoalan manusia sejagad, dan setiap individu maupun institusi terikat dengan kewajiban penegakkan keadilan ini. Keadilan (al-‘adalah), kebebasan (al-hurriyah) dan persamaan (al-musawah) merupakan sendi dasar ajaran Islam. Keadilan yang ditunjukkan hukum Islam adalah keadilan mutlak dan sempurna bukan keadilan relatif dan parsial seperti konsep hukum Yunani, Romawi maupun produk lainnya. Pesan dasar dan fundamental dari bangunan syari’at Islam adalah untuk kemaslahatan kemanusiaan universal atau dalam terminologi yang lebih operasional adalah keadilan sosial. Tulisan ini ingin membahas masalah keadilan dalam ranah implementasi kajian hukum Islam. Dalam uraian pembahasannya, tulisan ini menjelaskan tiga contoh praktik implementasi nilai keadilan dalam kajian hukum Islam, yakni keadilan sosial dalam ajaran zakat, pemidanaan sebagai instrumen penegakkan keadilan hukum dan masalah keadilan gender.Downloads
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References
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Yafie, Ali, Menggagas Fiqh Sosial, Bandung: Mizan, 1994.
Zahrah, M. Abu, Al-Jarimah wa al-‘Uqubah fi Fiqh al-Islami, Beirut: Dar al-Faqir, t.th.
_____________, Usul al-Fiqh, Kairo: Matba’ah Muhaimar, 1957.
Ziadeh, Farhat J., "integrity ('Adâlah) in Classical Islamic Law" dalam Nicholas Heer, Islamic Law and Jurisprudence, USA: University of Washington Press, 1990.
El-Awa, Mohammad S., Punishment in Islamic Law, Indianapolis: American Trust Publication, 1982.
Bagus Lorens, Kamus Filsafat, Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2002
Barker, Ernest, trans. The Politice of Aristotle, London: Oxford University Press, 1961
Bodeheimer, Edgar, Jurisprudence The Philosophy and Methode of The Law, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1973.
Al-Bukhari, Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Isma’il ibn Ibrahim ibn Mughirah, Sahih al-Bukhari, Ttp.: Dar al-Fikr, t.t., IV
Coulson, N.J., A History of Islamic Law, Endingburgh: Endingburgh University Press, 1971.
Al-Dihwali, Wali Allah, Hujjah Allah al-Baligah, Kairo: Dar al-Turas, 1185 H.
Doi, Abdurrahman, Tindak Pidana dalam Syari’at Islam, alih bahasa Wadi Masturi dan Basri Iba Asghari, Jakarta: Metro Putra, 1992.
Donald, Duncan B. Mac, Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence and Constitutional Theory, London: Publishers Limited, 1985.
Engineer, Asghar Ali, "Islam, Women and Gender Justice", dalam Islamic Millennium Journal, Vol. I. No.1. September-November, 2001
_________________, Islam and Liberation Theology: Essays on Liberative Elements in Islam, New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1990
Esposito, John J. Donohue dan John L., ads. Islam in Transition: Muslims Perspectives, Oxford: Oxford University, 1982.
Friedrick, Carl J., Constitutional Government and Democracy: Theory and Practice in Europe and America, New Delhi: Oxford dan IBH Publishing, 1968.
Gazali, Abu Hamid al-, al-Mustasfa min ‘Ilm al-Usul, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1993
Ghazali, Aidit bin Hj., (ed.), Islam and Justice, Malaysia: Institut Kefahaman Islam, 1993.
Hanâfî, Hasan, "Morality And the Integrity of Islamic Society", dalam Simposium Resurgent Islam Prospects And Implication, Durham, Oktober, 1980
Haq, Ziaul, Revelation and Revolution in Islam, Lahore: Vanguard Book, 1987.
Hardie, John B., Social Justice in Islam, Washington D.C.: American Council of Learned Societies, 1953.
Harmon, M. Judd, Political Thought: From Plato to the Present, New York: McGraw Hill Book Company, 1946.
Henry, Nicholas, Public Administration and Public Affairs (Englewoods Cliffs: N.J. Prentice-Hall, 1980)
Jalil, Abdul, dkk., Fiqh Rakyat: Pertautan Fiqh Dengan Kekuasaan, Yogyakarta; LKiS; 2000.
Al-Jasani, Ismail al-, Nazariah al-Maqasid ‘Inda al-Imam Muhammad Tahir Ibn ‘Asyur, t.tp.: al-Ma’had al-‘Alami li al-Fikr al-Islami, 1995
Levi, Rouben, The Social Structure of Islam, Cambridge: University Press, 1975.
Mahmasani, Subhi, Falsafah at-Tasyri’ fi al-Islam, Mesir: Dar al-Qur’an, 1945.
Mangunwijaya, YB., Gerundelan Orang Republik, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 1997.
Marsum, Jarimah Takzir: Perbuatan Dosa dalam Hukum Pidana Islam, Yogyakarta: Fakultas Hukum UII, 1992.
Mawardi, Ahmad Imam, Fiqh Minoritas: Fiqh Aqalliyat dan Evolusi Maqashid al-Syari’ah dari Konsep ke Pendekatan, Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2011
Mill, John Stuart, Essay an Politics and Culture, ed. Gertrude Himmelfarb, New York: Daoubleday, 1962
Miller, David, Social Justice, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976
Minhaji, Akh., “Zakat dan Pajak dalam Polemik†dalam Gazi Inayah, Teori Komprehensip tentang Zakat dan Pajak, terj. Zainudin Adnan & Nailul Falah, Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana Yogya, 2003.
Muhammad, Afif, Keadilan Sosial dalam Islam, Bandung: Penerbit Pustaka, 1994.
Muhammad, Husein, Fiqih Perempuan: Refleksi Kiai atas Wacana Agama dan Gender, Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2001.
Muslim, Sahih Muslim, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, t.t.
Noor, Abdun, “Outlining Social Justice from an Islamic Perspective: An Ekspolration,†Islamic Quarterly 44, 2 (2000)
Noveriantoni, Zuhairi Misrawi dan, Doktrin Islam Progresif Memahami Islam Sebagai Ajaran Rahmat, Jakarta: LSIF, 2004.
Nurudin, Amiur, Ijtihad Umar Ibn al-Khattab: Studi tentang Perubahan Hukum dalam Islam, Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 1987.
Quthub, Sayyid, al-‘Adalah al-Ijtima’iyyah fi al-Islam, Kairo: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, 1948
Rahman, Fazlur, Tema-tema Pokok al-Qur’an, terj. Anas Mahyuddin, Bandung: Penerbit Pustaka, 1987.
Rawls, John, “Distributive Justice,†dalam Philosophy, Politic and Society, eds. P. Laslett dan W.G. Runciman, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967
__________, “Justice as Fairness†The Journal of Philosophy 54 (Oktober 1957)
__________, A Theory of Justice, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971
__________, Teori Keadilan: Dasar-dasar Filsafat Politik untuk Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Sosial dalam Negara, terj. Uzair Fauzan dan Heru Prasetyo, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar 2006.
Rida Rasyid, Tafsir al-Manar, Beirut: Dar al-Faqir, t.th.
Sabuni, M. Ali al-, Rawa’iu al-Bayan Tafsir al-Ayat al-Ahkam min al-Qur’an, Makkah: Dar al-Qur’an al-Karim, 1972.
Shieddiqiy, T.M. Hasbi ash-, 2002 Mutiara Hadist, Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1976.
Sjadzali, Munawir, Islam Realitas Baru Dan Orientasi Masa Depan Bangsa, Jakarta: UIP, 1993.
Smith, Adam, The Wealth of Nations, ed. Edwin Cannan, New York: Modern Library, 1937
Syahrur M., Al-Kitab wa al-Qur’an: Qira’ah Mu‘asirah, t.tp.: al-Insaniyah al-‘Arabiyah, 1990.
Al-Syatibi, al-Muwafaqat fi Usul al-Syari’ah, Beirut: Dar al-Ma’rifah, t.t., II
Umar, Nasaruddin, Argumentasi Kesetaraan Gender dalam Al-Qur’an, Jakarta: Paramadina, 2000
Wahid, Marzuki, “Islam, Pembebasan, dan Keadilan Sosialâ€, dalam Buletin Jumat An-Nadhar, Edisi 28/27 Oktober 2003
William, Lilie, An Introduction to Ethics, London: Metheun&Co. Let,m 1966
Yafie, Ali, Menggagas Fiqh Sosial, Bandung: Mizan, 1994.
Zahrah, M. Abu, Al-Jarimah wa al-‘Uqubah fi Fiqh al-Islami, Beirut: Dar al-Faqir, t.th.
_____________, Usul al-Fiqh, Kairo: Matba’ah Muhaimar, 1957.
Ziadeh, Farhat J., "integrity ('Adâlah) in Classical Islamic Law" dalam Nicholas Heer, Islamic Law and Jurisprudence, USA: University of Washington Press, 1990.
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Published
25-11-2011
How to Cite
Fattah, D. (2011). Implementasi Nilai Keadilan dalam Kajian Hukum Islam. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 5(2), 135–152. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v5i2.609
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