Religious Freedom in Indonesia and Malaysia in the Constitutional Comparative Perspective (The Cases of Judicial Review in Blasphemous Offences)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v6i1.588Keywords:
Kebebasan beragama, HAM, Konstitusi, Indonesia, MalaysiaAbstract
Makalah ini membahas jaminan kebebasan beragama dalam konstitusi dua negara, yaitu Indonesia dan Malaysia, dan apakah judicial review bisa menjadi mekanisme terbaik untuk melindungi hak konstitusional warganegara dari kedua negara tersebut. Makalah ini berkesimpulan bahwa Indonesia dan Malaysia memiliki karakteristik konstitusi yang berbeda dalam hal ketentuan-ketentuan perlindungan kebebasan beragama. Namun demikian, judicial review di kedua negara tersebut bisa menjadi perlindungan bagi hak-hak agama minoritas, meskipun dalam prakteknya tidak selalu demikian, seperti dalam kasus judicial review undang-undang anti penodaan agama di Indonesia. Memang idealnya, judicial review merupakan cara yang paling efektif dalam menguji undang-undang yang merugikan kaum minoritas, dan juga judicial review seharusnya diletakkan sebagai faktor penting untuk melindungi hak asasi manusia.References
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Faruq, Shad S.. “Human Rights and the Constitutionâ€, in Ramdas Tikamdas and S.S. Rachgan (eds), Human Rights and the National Commission. Kuala Lumpur: Hakam, 1999.
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Gvosdev, Nikolas K. “Constitutional Doublethink, Managed Pluralism and Freedom of Religionâ€, Religion, State & Society, Vol. 29, No. 2, 2001.
Harding, Andrew. Law, Government and the Constitution in Malaysia, The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1996.
Hathaway, Oona A. “Do Human Rights Treaties Make a Difference?†The Yale Law Journal 111: 1935-2042, 2002.
Hosen, Nadirsyah. Shari’a and Constitutional Reform in Indonesia, Singapore: ISEAS, 2007.
Ibrahim, A. “The Position of Islam in the Constitutionâ€, in Tun Mohamed Suffian, H.P. Lee, Franchis A. Trindade, (eds), The Constitution of Malaysia: Its Development 1957-1977. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1978.
Keith, Linda Camp. “Judicial Independence and Human Rights Protection around the World.†Judicature, Vol. 85, No. 4, 2002, pp. 195 – 200.
Kipp, Rita Smith & Susan Rodgers. “Introduction: Indonesian Religions in Societyâ€, in Rita Smith Kipp & Susan Rodgers (eds), Indonesian Religions in Transition. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1987, p. 23.
Landman, Todd. Protecting Human Rights: A Comparative Study. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 2005.
Lewis, Clive B. Judicial Remedies in Public Law, 2nd ed. London: Sweet & Maxwell, n.d.
Omar, Imtiaz. Rights, Emergencies, and Judicial Review. Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1996.
Sadurski, Wojciech. Rights before Courts: A Study of Constitutional Courts in Post-Communist States of Central and Eastern Europe. The Netherlands: Springer, 2005.
Salim, Arskal. “Muslim Politics in Indonesia’s Democratization: The Religious Majority and the Rights of Minorities in the Post-New Order Eraâ€, in Ross H. McLeod and Andrew MacIntyre, Indonesia: Democracy and the Promise of Good Government. Singapore: ISEAS, 2007.
Schumann, Olaf. “Christians and Muslims in Search of Common Ground in Malaysiaâ€, Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, Vol.2, Issue 2, pp. 242-268, December 1991.
Stahnke, Tad & Robert C. Blitt. “The Religion-State Relationship and the Right to Freedom of Religion or Belief: A Comparative Textual Analysis of the Constitution of Predominantly Muslim Countriesâ€, Georgetown Journal of International Law, Vol. 36, 2005, pp. 947-1078.
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Witte, John, Jr. and D. van der Vyver (eds). Religious Human Rights in Global Perspeective: Legal Perspective. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1996.
Website:
http://www.tandemproject.com.
http://dspace.anu.edu.au.
http://www.state.gov.
http://www.iias.nl.
http://www.mahkamahkonstitusi.go.id.
http://www.nytimes.com.
http://www.venice.coe.int.
http://www.utexas.edu.
http://www.wwrn.org.
http://muse.jhu.edu.
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Published
01-06-2012
How to Cite
Maula, B. S. (2012). Religious Freedom in Indonesia and Malaysia in the Constitutional Comparative Perspective (The Cases of Judicial Review in Blasphemous Offences). Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 6(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v6i1.588
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