Wahhabi Salafism's View on Maqasid al-Syari'ah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v8i2.406Keywords:
Wahhabi-Salafism, maslahah, syari‘ah objectives, school of Islamic law, legal pragmatismAbstract
Artikel ini membahas tentang pandangan Salafi-Wahhabi tentang maqasid al-syari‛ah (maksud dan tujuan hukum Islam) dan pengaruhnya kepada struktur hukum mazhab mereka. Dengan menelusuri kepada literatur metodologi hukum Islam (usul a-fiqh) yang ditulis oleh para ulama Salafi, dapat dikatakan bahwa Salafi mengabaikan peran akal dalam menafsirkan teks keagamaan. Kebenaran itu tunggal dan hanya terletak pada wahyu. Wahyu adalah sumber pertama pengetahuan manusia, dan juga merupakan sumber terakhir yang lengkap dan tidak dapat diperselisihkan, yang di dalamnya manusia terbelah dalam dua posisi ektstrim, perintah dan larangan. Dari sudut pandang ini, rasionalitas dan pengembangan ilmu-ilmu sosial dianggap bid’ah, sesuatu yang asing dan tidak dapat direkonsiliasikan kepada pemikiran Islam murni, karena mereka tidak mempunyai akar epistemik dalam tradisi Islam pra-modern. Selanjutnya, kaum Salafi-Wahabi mengakui signifikansi maqasid al-syari‛ah yang sesuai dengan prinsip kemaslahatan. Pandangan ini membuat mereka dianggap sebagai pengusung pragmatisme hukum dalam tradisi hukum Islam.Downloads
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Abrahamov, Binyamin. “Ibn Taymiyya on the Agreement of Reason with Tradition,†The Muslim World, Vol. 92, N0. 3-4 (July-October 1992), pp. 256-273.
Atawneh, Muhammad al-. “Wahha>bi> Legal Theory as Reflected in Modern Official Saudi Fatwa>s: Ijtiha>d, Taqli>d, Sources, and Methodology,†Islamic Law and Society, Vol. 18 (2011), pp. 327-355.
Bakr, ‘Ala. Mala>mih} Ra’i>siyyah li al-Manhaj al-Salafi>. Iskandariyah: Da}r al-‘Aqi>dah, 2002.
Al-Bina‘li, Ahmad ibn Hajar Al Butami. al-‘Aqa>’id al-Salafiyyah bi Adillatiha> al-Naqliyyah wa al-‘Aqliyyah. 3 Vols. Qat}ar: Da>r al-Kutub al-Qat}ariyyah, 1994.
Delong-Bas, Natana J. Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Doorn-Harder, Nelly Van. “Progressive Muslims On Justice, Gender and Pluralism,†Theological Studies, Vol. 65, September 2004.
Duderija, Adis. “Islamic Groups and their World-views and Identities: Neo-Traditional Salaï¬s and Progressive Muslims,†Arab Law Quarterly, Vol. 21 (2007), pp. 341-363.
Dusuki Asyraf Wajdi, and Nurdianawati Irwani Abdullah. “Maqasid al-Shari‛ah, Maslahah, and Corporate Social Responsibility,†The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, Vol. 24, No. 1 (2007), pp. 25-45.
EI-Tobgui, Carl Sharif. “The Epistemology of Qiya>s and Ta‛li>l between the Mu'tazilite Abu> l-H{usayn al-Bas}ri> and Ibn Hazm al-Zahiriâ€. MA Thesis, lnstitute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, Montreal Canada, August 2000.
Fadel, Mohammad. “The True, the Good and the Reasonable: The Theological and Ethical Roots of Public Reason in Islamic Law,†Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence, Vol. 21, No.1 (2008), pp. 50-51.
Fadl, Khaled Abou El. “The Ugly Modern and The Modern Ugly: Reclaiming The Beautiful in Islam†in Progressive Moslems: on Justice, Gender and Pluralism. Oxford: Oneworld, 2003.
Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Muhammad. Al-Mustas}fa> min ‘Ilm al-Us}u>l, 2 Vols. Commented by H{amzah ibn Zuhayr Hafiz Jeddah: Shirkah al-Madi>nah al-Munawwarah, nd.
Hanbal, Ahmad ibn. Al-Masa>’il wa al-Rasa>’il al-Marwiyyah ‘an al-Ima>m Ah}mad ibn H{anbal fi> al-‘Aqi>dah, Tah}qi>q: ‘Abd al-Ila>h ibn Salma>n ibn Sa>lim al-Ah}madi>, 2 Vols. Riya>d}: Da>r T{aybah, 1991.
Hazm, Abu Muhammad ‘Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Sa‛id ibn. Al-Ih}ka>m fi> Us}u>l al-Ah}ka>m, 8 Vols. Beirut: Da>r al-A<fa>q al-Jadi>dah, nd.
Hallaq, Wael B. A History of Islamic Legal Theories: An Introduction to Sunni Usul al-Fiqh Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Iqbal, Asep Muhammad. “Salafism and the Internet in Contemporary Indonesiaâ€. MA Thesis, Flinders University, Australia, 2008.
Al-Juwayni, Abu> al-Ma‘a>li>. Al-Burha>n fi> Us}u>l al-Fiqh, 2 Vols, Edited by ‘Abd al-‘Az}i>m al-Di>b Qa>hirah: Da>r al-Ans}a>r, nd.
Al-Latif, ‘Abd al-‘Azi>z ibn Muh}ammad al-‘Abd. Abh}a>th fi> al-‘Aqi>dah Riya>d}: Da>r al-Wat}an li al-Nashr, 1413 H.
Lubis, Nazly Hanum. Al-T{u>fi>’s Concept of Mas}lah}ah: A Study in Islamic Legal Theory. MA Thesis, lnstitute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, Montreal Canada, 1995.
Moosa, Ebrahim. Ghazali and The Poetics of Imagination. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.
Al-Qah}t}a>ni>, Muh}ammad ibn Sa‘i>d. al-Wala>’ wa al-Bara>’ fi> al-Isla>m, 6th Edition Makkah al-Mukarramah: Da>r T{aybah, 1413 H.
Al-Rab‛i, Sulayman ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz. “Manhaj al-Shaykh Muh}ammad al-‘Uthaymi>n fi> al-Ta‛a>mul ma‛a al-Dali>l al-‘Aqli fi Masa’il al-I‛tiqad,†Paper on the Seminar on al-Shaykh Muh}ammad al-‘Uthaymi>n (Qassim University).
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Syahrani, ‘Ayid ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz al-. Al-Tah}si>n wa al-Taqbi>h} al-‘Aqliyya>n wa Atharuha> fi> Masa>’il Us}u>l al-Fiqh. 2 Vols. Riya>d}: Da>r al-Kunu>z Ishbiliya>, 1429 H.
Al-Tufi, Najm al-Din. Risa>lah fi> Ri‛a>yah al-Mas}lah}ah. Beirut: al-Da>r al-Mis}riyyah al-Lubna>niyyah, 1993.
Taymiyyah, Ahmad ibn. Majmu>at al-Rasa>ʾil wa al-Masa>ʾil. 5 Vol. Beirut: DÄr al-Kutub al-Ê¿Ilmiyya, 1983.
Vogel, Frank E. Islamic Law and Legal System: Studies of Saudi Arabia. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
Al-Wahhab, Muhammad ibn ‘Abd. “Fata>wa> wa Masa>’il al-Ima>m al-Shaykh Muh}ammad Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahha>b,†in Mu’allafa>t al-Shaykh al-Ima>m Muh}ammad Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahha>b, 3 Vols. Riya>d}: Ja>mi‘at al-Ima>m Muh}ammad bin Sa‘u>d al-Isla>miyyah, 1398 H.
Wiktorowicz, Quintan. “Centrifugal Tendencies in the Algerian Civil War,†Arab Studies Quarterly, Vol. 23, No. 3, Summer 2001, pp. 65-82.
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How to Cite
Rusli, R. (2014). Wahhabi Salafism’s View on Maqasid al-Syari’ah. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 8(2), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v8i2.406
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