Neglecting Islamic Law in the Distribution of Inheritance in the Sasak Muslim Society: A Study of Legal Pluralism

Sri Wahyuni; Putri Ananda Saka Siregar; Rahmatullah

doi:10.24090/mnh.v20i1.14987

Authors

Sri Wahyuni Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta
Putri Ananda Saka Siregar Universitas Gadjah Mada
Rahmatullah Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v20i1.14987

Keywords:

Legal Pluralism, Customary Inheritance Law, Gender Inequality, Sasak Muslim Society

Abstract

This study examines the persistence of Sasak customary inheritance practices within a predominantly Muslim society, focusing on their implications for gender justice through the lens of legal pluralism. Despite the normative authority of Islamic inheritance law (farā’iḍ), the Sasak community continues to prioritize a patrilineal customary system that allocates inheritance exclusively to male heirs, thereby excluding women. Using an empirical socio-legal approach, this research draws on in-depth interviews, observations, and engagement with community members, customary leaders, and religious authorities. The findings reveal that customary law maintains strong social legitimacy due to deeply internalized traditions, reflecting Max Weber’s concept of traditional social action. In this context, inheritance practices are shaped more by habitual norms than by formal religious or legal rationality. The authority of customary leaders often surpasses that of Islamic religious figures, contributing to the marginalization of Islamic inheritance law. This dynamic results in the systematic exclusion of women from inheritance rights, reinforcing gender inequality and negatively affecting women’s socio-economic welfare. The study contributes to the discourse by highlighting the gap between normative Islamic law and its practical implementation, calls for strengthening legal awareness and institutional engagement to promote more equitable inheritance practices.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abbas, S, I Ismail, and I Jauhari. “Reinterpreting Islamic Inheritance: Supreme Court Jurisprudence and Gender Justice in Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 13, no. 3 (2025): 2339–64. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v13i3.1593.

Ainuddin, Ainuddin. “Recognition The Right Of Inheritance Of Adopted Children Based On The Ceremony Of Reason According To Balinese Hindu Customary Law In Lombok Island (Case Study of District Court Ruling Class IA Mataram Number: 46/Pdt. G/2019/PN. Mtr).” Unizar Law Review (ULR) 3, no. 2 (2020): 110–20.

Awang, A B, M M Abdullah, A Awang, and N M Nasir. “An Analysis of the Justice of Faraid Law in Relation to the Concept of Qiwamah in the Sustainability of the Muslim Family Institution.” El-Usrah 8, no. 2 (2025): 1160–83. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v8i2.26431.

Azhari, D, and S Qalyubi. “The Rights of Sasak Noble Muslim Women in Choosing A Mate: An Analysis of the Marriage of Noble Women With Jajar Karang Men From the Perspective of Islamic Law.” Al-’Adalah 20, no. 2 (2023): 381–404. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v20i2.18416.

Barkah, Qodariah, Arne Huzaimah, Siti Rochmiyatun, and Zulmi Ramdani. “Abandonment of Women’s Rights in Child Marriage; An Islamic Law Perspective.” AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 17, no. 2 (2022): 383–411.

Bello, A H. “Islamic Law of Inheritance among the Yoruba of Southwest Nigeria: A Case Study of Dar Ul-Qadha (Arbitration Panel).” Journal of Islamic Law 5, no. 1 (2024): 44–61. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v5i1.2058.

Bonderman, David. “Modernization and Changing Perceptions of Islamic Law.” Harv. L. Rev. 81 (1967): 1169.

Cahyani, Firnanda Arifatul, and Dia Aisa Amelda. “Kedudukan Perempuan Hindu Dalam Sistem Pewarisan Menurut Hukum Waris Adat Bali.” Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 2022. https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v3i6.190.

Chaplin, Chris. “Salafi Islamic Piety as Civic Activism: Wahdah Islamiyah and Differentiated Citizenship in Indonesia.” Citizenship Studies 22, no. 2 (2018): 208–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2018.1445488.

Dimyati, Yayat. “Inheritance in the Perspective of Customary Law and the Compilation of Islamic Law.” VRISPRAAK: International Journal of Law 9, no. 1 (2025): 58–79.

Elpina. “Kedudukan Perempuan Dalam Hukum Waris Adat Batak Toba.” Jurnal Hukum Kalam Keadilan 3, no. 2 (2015): 1–12.

Erna Wintari, Made, and Gede Agus Suparta. “Sistem Kewarisan: Hak Wanita Dalam Hukum Adat Bali.” Pariksa: Jurnal Hukum Agama Hindu, 2022. https://doi.org/10.55115/pariksa.v6i1.2241.

Febriawanti, Dinta, and Intan Apriyanti Mansur. “Dinamika Hukum Waris Adat Di Masyarakat Bali Pada Masa Sekarang.” Media Iuris 3, no. 2 (2020): 119–32.

Fikri, M. “Reform of The Inheritance System: Between Islamic Law and Tradition of Sasak Tribe.” De Jure: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syar’iah 16, no. 1 (2024): 197–211. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v16i1.26354.

Hamim, Khairul, Muhammad Iskandar, and Muhammad Azizurrohman. “Interfaith Marriage in North Lombok: Sociological Perspective of Islamic Law.” Khazanah Hukum 4, no. 2 (2022): 129–38.

Haries, Akhmad. “Analisis Tentang Studi Komparatif Antara Hukum Kewarisan Islam Dan Hukum Kewarisan Adat.” Fenomena 6, no. 2 (2014): 217–30.

Hasanah, Niswatun. “Hukum Waris Islam Dalam Pandangan Filsafat Keadilan.” Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Dan Pendidikan Islam 7, no. 7 (2021).

Hidayat, Anwar, M Gary Gagarin Akbar, and Deny Guntara. “Kajian Perbandingan Dalam Pembagian Waris Berdasarkan Pada Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Adat.” Justisi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 3, no. 1 (2018).

Huda, Miftahul, Niswatul Hidayati, and Khairil Umami. “Fiqh and Custom Negotiation in Avoiding Inheritance Dispute Tradition among Mataraman Society East Java.” Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial, 2020. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v15i2.2714.

Jayadi, Suparman, A Demartono, and Drajat Tri Kartono. “Interaksi Sosial Umat Hindu Dan Muslim Dalam Upacara Keagamaan Dan Tradisi Perang Topat Di Lombok.” Jurnal Analisa Sosiologi 6, no. 2 (2017): 54–63.

Jima, Selviana, Ketut Sudiatmaka, and Ni Ketut Sari Adnyani. “Pembagian Harta Waris Menurut Perspektif Hukum Waris Adat Terhadap Anak Laki-Laki Dan Perempuan (Studi Kasus Pada Masyarakat Di Desa Barang, Kecamatan Cibal, Kabupaten Manggarai).” Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia, 2022. https://doi.org/10.23887/jatayu.v5i1.45937.

Kartini, and Ety Nur Inah. “The Legal System of Inheritance of Indigenous Bugis-Bone: Islamic Law Perspective.” In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/175/1/012139.

Kingsley, Jeremy. Tuan Guru, Community and Conflict in Lombok, Indonesia. University of Melbourne, Melbourne Law School, 2010.

Lasmaria, Lasmaria, and Ning Adiasih. “Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Kedudukan Anak Perempuan Dalam Mewaris Harta Asal Pauseang Berdasarkan Hukum Waris Adat Batak Toba (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Balige Nomor 47/Pdt.G/013/Pn.Blg).” Reformasi Hukum Trisakti, 2019. https://doi.org/10.25105/refor.v1i1.7139.

Lev, Daniel. Legal Evolution and Political Authority in Indonesia: Selected Essays. Vol. 4. Brill, 2021.

Lindsey, Tim, and Kerstin Steiner. “Islam, the Monarchy and Criminal Law in Brunei: The Syariah Penal Code Order, 2013.” Griffith Law Review 25, no. 4 (2016): 552–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/10383441.2016.1273294.

Mansyur, Zaenuddin. “Penerapan Ajaran Islam Wetu Telu Di Tengah Ajaran Islam Waktu Lima: Upaya Melestarikan Kearifan Lokal Muslim Sasak.” Religió Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama 9, no. 2 (2019): 222–43.

Maryani, Halimatul, Adawiyah Nasution, Dani Sintara, and Bonanda Japatani Siregar. “Sistem Kekerabatan Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Hukum Waris Islam.” Legal Brief 11, no. 4 (2022): 2518–25.

Mawalidin, Jun. “Peranan Tuan Guru Ormas Islam Nahdlatul Wathan Di Lombok Wadah Ajaran Keagamaan Dan Sosial (Islam).” IJTIMAIYA: Journal of Social Science Teaching, 2021. https://doi.org/10.21043/ji.v5i2.11577.

Mostafa, Mohamed A., Muhammad Al-Qurishi, Atif Al-Amri, Mehmet S. Aksoy, and Ahmed Emam. “Novel Graphical Family Tree Representation to Develop an Interactive Expert System.” Experts System, 2022.

Mujib, Lalu Supriadi Bin. “Revitalisasi Hukum Waris Islam Dalam Penyelesaian Kasus Sengketa Tanah Waris Pada Masyarakat Sasak.” Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 19, no. 1 (June 2019): 67–88. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v19i1.67-88.

Mujib, Lalu Supriadi Bin, and Lalu Supriadi. “Revitalisasi Hukum Waris Islam Dalam Penyelesaian Kasus Sengketa Tanah Waris Pada Masyarakat Sasak.” Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 19, no. 2019 (2019): 76.

Munir, Zainal Arifin Haji. “Analysis of Patterns for Inheritance Dispute Settlement in the Tradition of Sasak Community in Lombok.” Mazahib Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam, 2021. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v20i2.3774.

———. “Wealth Distribution among Sasak Communities Through Inheritance: A Quest for Justice.” Samarah, 2023. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i3.10835.

Mutiâ, Ratu, I Nyoman Putu Budiartha, and Diah Gayatri Sudibya. “Pelaksanaan Tradisi Perkawinan Merariq (Besebo) Suku Sasak Di Lombok Timur.” Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 2, no. 3 (2021): 479–83.

Muzainah, Gusti. “Prinsip Hukum Kedudukan Perempuan Dalam Hukum Waris Adat Masyarakat Banjar.” Muadalah, 2015. https://doi.org/10.18592/jsga.v2i1.461.

Nababan, Helprida. “Kedudukan Anak Perempuan Dalam Hukum Waris Adat Pada Masyarakat Batak Toba Di Kecamatan Pontianak Kota Di Kota Pontianak.” Universitas Tanjungpura, 2017.

Nadeem, Muhammad, and Naeem Ullah Khan. “Harassment of Women; a Biased Approach; Neglecting of Other Genders.” JL & Soc’y 46 (2015): 87.

Nainggolan, Torop Eriyanto Sabar. “Kedudukan Anak Perempuan Dalam Hukum Waris Adat Pada Masyarakat Batak Toba Di Kecamatan Pontianak Kota Di Kota Pontianak.” Universitas Stuttgart, 2005.

Nugaheni, Laksana Arum. “Dinamika Hukum Waris Adat Dalam Sistem Kekerabatan Patrilineal : Pewarisan Terhadap Anak Perempuan.” Jurnal Literasi Hukum, 2021.

Pattiruhu, Fransisca Jallie. “Critical Legal Feminism Pada Kedudukan Perempuan Dalam Hak Waris Pada Sistem Patriarki.” Culture & Society: Journal Of Anthropological Research, 2020. https://doi.org/10.24036/csjar.v2i1.57.

Powers, David S. “The Islamic Inheritance System: A Socio-Historical Approach.” In Issues in Islamic Law, 165–81. Routledge, 2017.

Rahman, Ulfiani, Idham, M. Dalip, Makmur, and Anwar Sewang. “Men and Women in the Distribution of Inheritance in Mandar, West Sulawesi, Indonesia.” Samarah 6, no. 1 (2022): 156–75. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i1.9094.

Rahmayanti, Nadya., and Triyono Prasetyo Agung Basuki. “Kedudukan Anak Angkat Perempuan Dalam Hukum Waris Adat Masyarakat Hukum Adat Suku Karo Desa Sugihen Kecamatan Juhar Kabupaten Karo.” Diponegoro Law Journal, 2017.

Rosen, Lawrence. The Anthropology of Justice: Law as Culture in Islamic Society. Vol. 1985. Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Rust, Joshua. “Traditional Action and Traditional Authority.” Max Weber Studies 18, no. 2 (2018): 159–85.

Salahuddin, Muhammad, . Ahmad, . Suharti, . Syukri, and . Nurhilaliati. “Between Adat Law and National Law: The Resistance of Sasak Women to Their Inheritance Rights in Lombok Indonesia.” Lex Localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 21, no. 4 (November 2023): 923–36. https://doi.org/10.4335/21.4.923-936(2023).

Saprudin, Saprudin. “Dampak Tradisi Begawe Merarik Terhadap Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Islam Sasak Di Kota Mataram.” Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syari’ah Dan Masyarakat 19, no. 1 (2019): 119–26.

Saragih, Aprinus. “Pengaruh Latar Belakang Pendidikan, Lama Kerja, Dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah.” Judicious 2, no. 1 (2021): 22–28. https://doi.org/10.37010/jdc.v2i1.199.

Setiawan, Eko. “Penerapan Wasiat Wajibah Menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) Dalam Kajian Normatif Yuridis.” Muslim Heritage 2, no. 1 (2017): 43–62.

Sianturi, Wahila N, Grace Theresia Hutahaean, Gomgom T.P. Siregar, and Alusianto Hamonangan. “Kedudukan Perempuan Dalam Hukum Waris Adat Batak Toba (Desa Untemungkur Kecamatan Muara).” Jurnal Rectum: Tinjauan Yuridis Penanganan Tindak Pidana, 2022. https://doi.org/10.46930/jurnalrectum.v5i1.2634.

Siki, Delila, and Yulies Tiena Masriani. “Kedudukan Anak Perempuan Dalam Pembagian Harta Warisan Berdasarkan Hukum Waris Adat Timor Amarasi Di Desa Soba Kecamatan Amarasi Barat Kabupaten Kupang.” Notary Law Research, 2022. https://doi.org/10.56444/nlr.v3i1.3395.

Siregar, Fatahuddin Aziz. “Antara Hukum Islam Dan Adat; Sistem Baru Pembagian Harta Warisan.” Jurnal El-Qanuniy: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Kesyariahan Dan Pranata Sosial 5, no. 2 (2020): 166–80. https://doi.org/10.24952/el-qonuniy.v5i2.2073.

Smith, Bianca J, and Mark Woodward. Gender and Power in Indonesian Islam. Taylor & Francis, 2013.

Sulfinadia, H, J P Roszi, M Puspita, A Fadli, and A B A Nadzri. “Negotiating Islamic Inheritance and Customary Law: Functional Legal Pluralism and Matrilineal Pusako Randah in Minangkabau.” Journal of Islamic Law 7, no. 1 (2026): 1–30. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v7i1.3743.

Suparyanto dan Rosad. “Publikasi Data Perkembangan Industri Asuransi Syariah.” Asosiasi Asuransi Syariah Indonesia 5, no. 3 (2022): 248–53.

Syahdan, Syahdan. “Pembagian Harta Warisan Dalam Tradisi Masyarakat Sasak : Studi Pada Masyarakat Jago Lombok Tengah.” PALAPA 4, no. 2 (November 2016): 120–38. https://doi.org/10.36088/palapa.v4i2.28.

Syarifudin, Muhammad. “Resistensi Adat Sasak Dan Agama (Studi Tawaran Resolusi Konflik Dalam Perilaku Keagamaan Muslim Lombok).” Komunitas 12, no. 2 (2021): 120–31.

Syifa, Awalia, and Ummi Maskanah. “Eigendom: A Dutch Colonial Legacy in Indonesia’s Land Ownership System in Case Number 109 PK/Pdt/2022.” Jurisprudensi: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Perundang-Undangan Dan Ekonomi Islam 17, no. 1 (2025): 254–67.

Tamanaha, Brian Z. Legal Pluralism Explained: History, Theory, Consequences. Oxford University Press, 2021.

Voth, Alfa Rizky, and Mochammad Firmansyah Dwi Setiawan. “Dinamika Hukum Waris Adat Di Indonesia: Kajian Terhadap Perubahan Sosial, Kultural, Dan Hukum.” SYARIAH: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 1, no. 2 (2024): 328–34.

Wahyudin, Dedy. “Identitas Orang Sasak: Studi Epistemologis Terhadap Mekanisme Produksi Pengetahuan Masyarakat Suku Sasak.” Jurnal Penelitian Keislaman 14, no. 1 (2018): 52–63.

Wahyuni, Afidah, and Harisah. “Humanism in Inheritance Distribution in Sampang Madurese Culture.” Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 19, no. 2 (2019): 219–28. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v19i2.13899.

Wahyuni, S, I G Suwindia, S Bahri, and S Musawwamah. “Considering the Principles of Patrilineal Inheritance between Religions: Negotiations of Islamic and Customary Law.” Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial 20, no. 2 (2026): 673–96. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v20i2.18542.

Wahyuningsih, Wiwiek, Arief Rahman, and Mualifah Mualifah. “Kedudukan Hukum Laki-Laki Dan Perempuan Dalam Memperoleh Hak Milik Atas Tanah Warisan Perspekstif Hukum Agraria Dan Hukum Adat Sasak.” Journal Kompilasi Hukum 5, no. 1 (June 2020): 30–40. https://doi.org/10.29303/jkh.v5i1.35.

Wantaka, Agus, Abdul Rosyid, and Eka Sakti Habibullah3. “Pembagian Warisan Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Adat Jawa (Studi Komparasi)” 01, no. 1 (2019): 13–33.

Wantaka, Agus, Abdul Rosyid, and Eka Sakti Habibullah. “Pembagian Warisan Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Adat Jawa (Studi Komparasi).” Prosa AS: Prosiding Al Hidayah Ahwal Asy-Syakhshiyyah 1, no. 1 (2019): 13–33.

Yusuf, Muhammad Affandi. “Fenomena Pemberian Mahar Unik Pada Masyarakat Muslim Sasak Di Tinjau Dari Pluralisme Hukum.” Al-Rasῑkh: Jurnal Hukum Islam 13, no. 1 (2024): 51–66.

Zuhdi, M. “Problematika Penghitungan Dan Pembagian Warisan Pada Keluarga Muslim.” Nurani 17, no. 1 (2017): 107–31.