The Urgency of the Halal Industry in Light of Islamic Legal Philosophy

M. Nurul Irfan; Maskur Rosyid; Kamaluddin Nurdin Marjuni; Mashilal

doi:10.24090/mnh.v19i2.14029

Authors

M. Nurul Irfan Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
Maskur Rosyid Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang
Kamaluddin Nurdin Marjuni Universiti Islam Sultan Syarif Ali
Mashilal Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v19i2.14029

Keywords:

The Halal Concept, Maqāṣid al-Sharī’a, Economic Growth, Muslim Consumers

Abstract

The Indonesian government, regulators, and Muslim consumers increasingly recognize the halal industry as an essential sector for economic growth. This study aims to assess the understanding, acceptance, and implementation of halal among educated Muslim youth and analyse the urgency of halal in food, tourism, and banking. The research was conducted at four State Islamic Universities (PTKIN) in Central Java, Indonesia, involving 145 students as respondents. A descriptive quantitative approach was applied using structured questionnaires, analysed with frequency and percentage techniques, and interpreted through Islamic legal philosophy, particularly fiqh and maqāṣid al-sharī‘a. The study finds that the halal of food, tourism, economy, and banking has a strong epistemological basis in Islam; however, a segment of Muslim minority students demonstrates rejection or inconsistent implementation due to differences in interpretation, limited accessibility, and perceptions of government policies. Despite this, there is strong support for halal, with over 91% endorsing government initiatives and 92% acknowledging their contribution to economic growth. Based on these findings, the study recommends standardizing halal concepts across sectors, systematically evaluating program impacts, and continuously educating the public to optimise the implementation of Indonesia’s halal industry policy.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ab Talib, Mohamed Syazwan, and Abu Bakar Abdul Hamid. “Halal Logistics in Malaysia: A SWOT Analysis.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 5, no. 3 (September 2014): 322–43. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-03-2013-0018.

Abdullah, Amini Amir, Mohd Daud Awang, and Norsazali Abdullah. “Islamic Tourism: The Characteristics, Concept and Principles.” KnE Social Sciences 4, no. 9 (2020): 196–215. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v4i9.7326.

Aji, Hendy Mustiko. “The Effect of Knowledge About Halal and Islamic Religiosity on Attitude Toward Halal Label.” Conference on Islamic Management, Accounting, and Economics (CIMAE) Proceeding 1, no. 2010 (2018): 1–8.

Al-Banna, Hasan. “Muslim Customer Behavior in Halal Food Online Purchasing.” Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 5, no. 3 (November 2019): 517–40. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v5i3.1152.

Al-Nahari, Ameen Ahmed Abdullah Qasem, Abu Talib Mohammad Monawer, Luqman Bin Haji Abdullah, Abdul Karim Bin Ali, Noor Naemah Binti Abdul Rahman, and Meguellati Achour. “Common Conceptual Flaws in Realizing Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿah Vis-à-Vis Islamic Finance.” ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-12-2020-0259.

Al-Zuhaylī, Wahbah. Uṣūl Al-Fiqh Al-Islāmī. Suriah: Dar al-Fikr, 1986.

Almujahed, Muhammad Said, and Mohammad Said Titoon Alrashidi. “Taṭbīqāt Qā’idah Al-Ḥukm Yadūr Ma’a ‘Illatih Wujūdan Wa ‘Adaman: Al-Mu’āmalah Al-Māliyah.” Al-Zahra: Journal for Islamic and Arabic Studies 19, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.15408/zr.v19i1.23318.

Alserhan, Baker Ahmad. The Principles of Islamic Marketing. Farnham: Gower Publishing, 2012.

Amalia, Fatya Alty, Adila Sosianika, and Dwi Suhartanto. “Indonesian Millennials’ Halal Food Purchasing: Merely a Habit?” British Food Journal 122, no. 4 (March 2020): 1185–98. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-10-2019-0748.

Ambali, Abdul Raufu, and Ahmad Naqiyuddin Bakar. “People’s Awareness on Halal Foods and Products: Potential Issues for Policy-Makers.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 121, no. September 2012 (2014): 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1104.

Anggraini, Inar, and Diah Setyawati Dewanti. “The Effect of Halal Foods Awareness on Purchase Decision with Religiosity as a Moderating Variable.” Journal of Economics Research and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.18196/jerss.040116.

Asa, Rokshana Shirin, and Ida Madieha Abdul Ghani Azmi. “The Concept of Halal and Halal Food Certification Process in Malaysia: Issues and Concerns.” Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics 20, no. S1 (2017): 38–50.

Asep, Mohamad. “Maqāṣid Al-Sharī’ah Critique of Nahdlatul Ulama’s Fiqh of Disability.” Ulumuddin Journal of Islamic Legal Studies 1, no. 2 (2020): 68–91. https://doi.org/10.22219/ulumuddin.v1i2.13100.

Aslan, Hakiye. “The Influence of Halal Awareness, Halal Certificate, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, Attitude and Trust on Purchase Intention of Culinary Products among Muslim Costumers in Turkey.” International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 32 (June 2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJGFS.2023.100726.

Auda, Jasser. Maqāṣid Al-Sharī‘ah as Philosophy of Islamic Law A Systems Approach. London: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2008. https://doi.org/978-1-56564-424-3.

Ayuningtias, Farah Tarisya. “Green Investment Practices and Challenges in Indonesia’s Investment Legal System.” Khuluqiyya: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Studi Islam, 2025, 29–44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56593/khuluqiyya.v7i1.166.

Aziz, Yuhanis Abdul, and Nyen Vui Chok. “The Role of Halal Awareness, Halal Certification, and Marketing Components in Determining Halal Purchase Intention Among Non-Muslims in Malaysia: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.” Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing 25, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974438.2013.723997.

Battour, Mohamed, and Mohd Nazari Ismail. “Halal Tourism: Concepts, Practises, Challenges and Future.” Tourism Management Perspectives 19 (July 2016): 150–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.008.

Deuraseh, Nurdeng, and Nurulhuda Asilah Asli. “Issues on Halal Foods with Special Reference to Fatwa on Halal Pet Food for Cats in Islamic Law.” El-Mashlahah 12, no. 2 (November 2022): 103–23. https://doi.org/10.23971/elma.v12i2.3534.

Disastra, Ganjar Mohamad, Bethani Suryawardani, Widya Sastika, and Fanni Husnul Hanifa. “Religiosity, Halal Awareness, and Muslim Consumers’ Purchase Intention in Non-Food Halal Products.” International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change. Www.Ijicc.Net 13, no. 10 (2020): 813–28.

Ellahi, Rizwan Matloob, Lincoln C. Wood, Moin Khan, and Alaa El-Din A. Bekhit. “Integrity Challenges in Halal Meat Supply Chain: Potential Industry 4.0 Technologies as Catalysts for Resolution.” Foods 14, no. 7 (March 2025): 1135. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14071135.

Faisal, Yusuf, Ida Busneti, and Egi Gumala Sari. “Halal Food Preferences and Perceptions at Nagoya Mall Batam.” Al-Amwal: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syari’ah 14, no. 1 (2022): 130–45. https://doi.org/10.24235/amwal.v14i1.10558.

Farid, Miftah, and Hasan Basri. “The Effects of Haram Food on Human Emotional and Spiritual Intelligence Levels.” Indonesian Journal of Halal Research 2, no. 1 (2020): 21–26. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijhar.v2i1.7711.

Fauzi, Muhammad Ashraf. “Consumer Purchase of Halal Certified Product: A Quantitative Systematic Literature Review.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 14, no. 6 (May 2023): 1397–1416. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-09-2021-0299.

Hakim, Atang Abd, Hasan Ridwan, M Hasanuddin, and Sofian Al-Hakim. “Towards Indonesia Halal Tourism.” AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 17, no. 2 (July 2017): 279–300. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v17i2.6243.

Hakim, Lukmanul, and Aisyah Karnila Nady Putri. “Implementation of the Halal Product Guarantee Law in Indonesia by the Department of Industry and Trade Cooperatives of Bima City.” Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syari’ah Dan Masyarakat 22, no. 1 (July 4, 2022): 133–44. https://doi.org/10.19109/nurani.v22i1.11099.

Hanifasari, Dina, Ilyas Masudin, Fien Zulfikarijah, Aniek Rumijati, and Dian Palupi Restuputri. “Millennial Generation Awareness of Halal Supply Chain Knowledge toward Purchase Intention for Halal Meat Products: Empirical Evidence in Indonesia.” Journal of Islamic Marketing, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-01-2023-0012.

Harahap, Burhanudin, Tastaftiyan Risfandy, and Inas Nurfadia Futri. “Islamic Law, Islamic Finance, and Sustainable Development Goals: A Systematic Literature Review.” Sustainability 15, no. 8 (April 2023): 6626. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086626.

Haryati, Haryati, Heri Junaidi, and Sheikh Mohammed Rateb. “The Debate on the Aesthetics of Business Brand Innovation Among the Millennial Generation for the Issuance of Halal Certification.” Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syari’ah Dan Masyarakat 24, no. 2 (December 27, 2024): 476–90. https://doi.org/10.19109/nurani.v24i2.24417.

Hatoli, Hatoli. “Halal Certification of the Indonesian Ulema Council on Electronic and Non-Consumer Products from the Maslahah Perspective: Sertifikasi Halal Majelis Ulama Indonesia Pada Produk Elektronik Dan Non Konsumsi Perspektif Maslahah.” Journal of Islamic Law 1, no. 2 SE-Articles (August 2020): 237–55. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v1i2.45.

Hidayat, Komarudin, and Dadi Darmadi. “Indonesia and Two Great Narratives on Islamic Studies.” Studia Islamika 26, no. 1 (2019): 201–6. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v26i1.11121.

Hisam Ahyani, Memet Slamet, and Tobroni. “Building the Values of Rahmatan Lil ’Alamin for Indonesian Economic Development at 4.0 Era from the Perspective of Philosophy and Islamic Economic Law.” AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 16, no. 1 (June 27, 2021): 121–51. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v16i1.4550.

Immanuel Ustradi Osijo, Fulgentius Danardana Murwani, Ery Tri Djatmika, Sopiah, and Rungarun Boonsayan. “The Legal Politics of Halal Tourism in Thailand: The Impact of Digital Advertising Interventions on Consumer Intent, Recommendations, and Engagement in the Contemporary Era.” MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2024): 320–42. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v3i2.9992.

Indarti, Nurul, Andy Susilo Lukito-Budi, and Azmi Muhammad Islam. “A Systematic Review of Halal Supply Chain Research: To Where Shall We Go?” Journal of Islamic Marketing 12, no. 9 (August 2020): 1930–49. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-05-2020-0161.

“Indonesia Halal Markets Report 2021/2022.” Jakarta, 2021.

Iswanto, Bambang. “Job Creation Law and Consequences in Determining Halâl Products: Analysis of the Halâl Product Fatwa Committee.” Al-’Adalah 20, no. 1 (June 2023): 179. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v20i1.16379.

Izberk-Bilgin, Elif, and Cheryl C. Nakata. “A New Look at Faith-Based Marketing: The Global Halal Market.” Business Horizons 59, no. 3 (May 2016): 285–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2016.01.005.

Jaelani, Abdul Kadir, Anila Rabbani, and Muhammad Jihadul Hayat. “Land Reform Policy in Determining Abandoned Land for Halal Tourism Destination Management Based on Fiqh Siyasah.” El-Mashlahah 14, no. 1 (June 2024): 211–36. https://doi.org/10.23971/el-mashlahah.v14i1.8051.

Jannah, Syayyidah M., and Hasan Al-Banna. “Halal Awareness and Halal Traceability: Muslim Consumers’ and Entrepreneurs’ Perspectives.” Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 7, no. 2 (April 2021): 285–316. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v7i2.1328.

Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. “The Ḥalāl Industry from a Sharī’ah Perspective.” Islam and Civilisational Renewal 1, no. 4 (2010): 595–612. https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v1i4.704.

Khallāf, ‘Abd al-Wahhāb. ‘Ilm Uṣūl Al-Fiqh. Kairo: Maktabah al-Dakwah al-Islāmiyyah, n.d.

Khan, Adil, Mohammad Khalid Azam, and Mohd Yasir Arafat. “Does Religiosity Really Matter in Purchase Intention of Halal Certified Packaged Food Products? A Survey of Indian Muslims Consumers.” Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 27, no. 4 (2019): 2383–2400.

Khirana Dwicahyo, and Chanifah Indah Ratnasari. “Comparative Analysis of E-Commerce Sales of Halal-Labeled Products in Muslim Majority and Minority Countries.” International Journal of Social Science and Religion (IJSSR), October 1, 2023, 461–76. https://doi.org/10.53639/ijssr.v4i3.198.

Kurniawati, Dwi Agustina, and Andi Cakravastia. “A Review of Halal Supply Chain Research: Sustainability and Operations Research Perspective.” Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain 6 (March 2023): 100096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clscn.2023.100096.

Lada, Suddin, Geoffrey Harvey Tanakinjal, and Hanudin Amin. “Predicting Intention to Choose Halal Products Using Theory of Reasoned Action.” International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 2, no. 1 (April 2009): 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538390910946276/FULL/XML.

Manan, Abdul, Dicky Wirianto, Muhammad Arif Fadhilah, and Kamarullah Kamarullah. “Halal Tourism: A Proposed Sharia Model for Implementation.” Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 11, no. 1 (January 2023): 81–100. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v11i1.784.

Mohsin, Asad, Noriah Ramli, and Bader Abdulaziz Alkhulayfi. “Halal Tourism: Emerging Opportunities.” Tourism Management Perspectives. Elsevier, July 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.010.

Mubarok, Ferry Khusnul, and Muhammad Khoirul Imam. “Halal Industry in Indonesia; Challenges and Opportunities.” Journal of Digital Marketing and Halal Industry 2, no. 1 (2020): 55–64. https://doi.org/10.21580/JDMHI.2020.2.1.5856.

Muslimin, Dede Aji Mardani, Aja Rowikarim, Rusani Jaelani, and Fatimah Kacem. “Contemporary Approaches to Halal and Sustainable Eco-Tourism: A Study of Community-Based Tourism in Ganoang and Puncak Mas.” MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2025): 761–96. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v4i2.10120.

Omar, Muhammad Naim, Mahamad Arifin, Mohammad Deen MohdNapiah, and Mohamad Asmadi Abdullah. “When Halal and Haram Meet the Haram Prevails?: An Analysis of the Maxim and Its Application in Contemporary Issues.” Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 6, no. 11 (2012): 199–205.

Primadona, Fitry, Hartoyo Hartoyo, Lilik Noor Yuliati, and Laily Dwi Arsyianti. “Perceived Value, Satisfaction, Trust, and Tourist Loyalty in Halal Tourism: An Islamic Legal Perspective from Lombok.” Syariah Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran 25, no. 1 (2025): 23–42. https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v25i1.16346.

Rafiqi, Rafiqi, Fitri Widiastuti, Paulina Lubis, and Darwisyah Darwisyah. “Consumer Behavior Model: Brand Equity Mediated by Halal Awareness and Religiosity of Herbal Products Islamic Law Perspective.” Al-Risalah: Farum Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan 24, no. 1 (2024): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v24i1.1324.

Rahayu, Sri Walny, and Syahrizal Abbas. “A Synergy of Halal Tourism Regulations and Tourism Rights Protection in Aceh: Pentahelix Model.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam 8, no. 3 (August 2024): 1454–75. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i3.23495.

Rahman, Faried Kurnia, Mohammad Ali Tareq, Rochania Ayu Yunanda, and Akbariah Mahdzir. “Maqashid Al-Shari’ah-Based Performance Measurement for the Halal Industry.” Humanomics 33, no. 3 (August 2017): 357–70. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-03-2017-0054.

Rizaty, Monavia Ayu. “As Many as 87.02% of Indonesia’s Population Is Muslim in 2022.” dataindonesia.id, 2023.

Rofiq, Ainur, and Titan Achsan. “Examining the Impacts of Religiosity, Attitude, and Subjective Norms Toward Intention to Purchase Halal Food: A Study on Indonesian Muslim Consumers.” Faculty Of Economics And Business,Brawijaya University,Malang, Indonesia 5, no. 2 (2017): 1–21.

Rosyid, M., A.N. Kholiq, F. Bintarawati, M.K. Rofiq, L. Lutfi, and M.N. Irfan. “Revitalization of Uṣūl Al-Fiqh through Iḥtiyāṭī Principles.” Religion, Education, Science and Technology towards a More Inclusive and Sustainable Future, 2024, 44–49. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003322054-6.

Saima, Sorna Umme, Radin Badaruddin Radin Firdaus, and Sarjiyanto Sarjiyanto. “Challenges and Ways Forward for the Malaysian SMEs in the Halal Food Industry: A Systematic Review.” Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 18 (February 2024): 223–38. https://doi.org/10.5219/1937.

Setiyowati, Arin, Kholifatu Azqiya, and Umriyah. “The Behavior of Islamic Producer in Supplying Halal Food at Laziza and Waroeng Steak and Shake Surabaya.” In 1st Borobudur International Symposium on Humanities, Economics and Social Sciences (BIS-HESS 2019), 436:117–21, 2020. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200529.024.

Soesilowati, Endang S, and Chitra Indah Yuliana. “Komparasi Perilaku Konsumen Produk Halal Di Area Mayoritas Dan Minoritas Muslim.” Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan 21, no. 2 (2013): 167–78. https://doi.org/10.14203/JEP.21.2.2013.49-60.

Suaidi, Suaidi, Rehana Anjum, Muhamad Nasrudin, Maksum Maksum, and Sriyati Dwi Astuti. “Halal Food Development in Bali: Dynamics of Muslim Beliefs, State Regulations, and Local Culture.” Al-Ahkam 35, no. 1 (April 2025): 147–78. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2025.35.1.25732.

Sudarsono, Heri, Jannahar Saddam Ash Shidiqie, and Yunice Karina Tumewang. “The Impact of Religiosity and Knowledge on the Intention of Young Muslim Generation toward Halal Tourism in Indonesia.” Tourism and Hospitality Management 27, no. 2 (2021): 255–72. https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.27.2.2.

Suhartini, Endeh, Euis Hertiani, R. Djuniarsono, Hidayat Rumatiga, and Nurfajrina Sabila PM. “Analysis of Halal Certification for Micro and Small Business Actors from the Perspective of Maslahah Principles and Legal Certainty.” Al-’Adalah 21, no. 2 (December 2024): 401. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v21i2.23442.

Supriyadi, Supriyadi, Rahma Aulia, Labib Nubahai, Rozanah Ab Rahman, and Rosmah Mohamed. “Legal Effectiveness of Halal Product Certification in Improving Business Economics in Indonesia and Malaysia.” Al-Ahkam 34, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 193–220. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2024.34.1.20546.

Syufa’at, Syufa’at, and Ahmad Zayyadi. “Halal Tourism: The Development of Sharia Tourism in Baturraden Banyumas, Indonesia.” International Journal of Social Science and Religion (IJSSR), August 22, 2023, 381–96. https://doi.org/10.53639/ijssr.v4i3.194.

Tajrid, Amir. “Tracing the Genealogy of Maqāṣid Al- Sharī’ah Concept : A Historical Approach.” Al-Ahkam 31, no. 1 (2021): 69–90. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2021.31.1.6696.

Vargas-Sanchéz, Alfonso, and Mirko Perano. “Halal Tourism through the Lens of Generation Z in a Muslim Majority Country: Implications on Tourist Services.” International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 9 (August 2018): 36–49. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n9p36.

Waluyo, Agus. “The Developmental Policy of Halal Product Guarantee in the Paradigm of Maqāṣid Sharī`ah in Indonesia.” Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 20, no. 1 (June 2020): 41–60. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v20i1.41-60.

Wasim, Arif Al. “Label Halal Dan Hukum Asal Bahan Pangan.” Syariati Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an Dan Hukum 2, no. 2 (2016). https://doi.org/10.32699/syariati.v2i02.1137.

Wazin, and Tulus Suryanto. “Constructing Islamic Law and Islamic Business Ethics for a Sustainable Halal Industry Economy.” Manchester Journal of Transnational Islamic Law and Practice 19, no. 3 (2023): 212–23.

Wicaksono, Syafril, M. Khoirul Hadi Al-Asy’ari, Elisa Dourothun Nafis El-Adibah, and Iffahasanah Iffahasanah. “Maqashid Sharia Progressive: Anatomical and Transformational of Halal Institutions in UIN KHAS Jember.” El-Mashlahah 13, no. 2 (December 2023): 107–32. https://doi.org/10.23971/el-mashlahah.v13i2.7370.

Wilson, Jonathan A.J., and Jonathan Liu. “Shaping the Halal into a Brand?” Journal of Islamic Marketing 1, no. 2 (June 2010): 107–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590831011055851.

Wirakurnia, Arya Bagus, Ponchanok Nuanmark, Heri Sudarsono, and Arga Ramadhana. “Do Religiosity, Halal Knowledge, and Halal Certification Affect Muslim Students’ Intention to Purchase Halal Packaged Food?” Asian Journal of Islamic Management (AJIM) 3, no. 2 (2021): 97–110. https://doi.org/10.20885/ajim.vol3.iss2.art3.

Yudha Trishananto, Fuad Mas’ud, Setiawan, and Ulfah Nurul Fauziah. “Formulating Policies for Halal Tourism in Indonesia Based on Islamic Law.” Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 24, no. 1 SE-Articles (July 2024): 47–70. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v24i1.47-70.

Zuhrah, Fatimah, Retno Kartini Savitaningrum Imansah, Siti Atieqoh, Kustini Kustini, and Suhanah Suhanah. “Halal Certification Service in Indonesia: Between Islamic Law Compliance and Satisfaction Improvement.” Al-Ihkam: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial 20, no. 1 (2025): 253–83. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v20i1.15225.